Sustainable Mountain Development

A/RES/66/205View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 19i Sustainable mountain development, published in 2012.

What other versions does this mandate have?

9 versions · 2006–2025

This is an older version — the most recent is A/RES/80/144

Year	Symbol	Title	Word length	Text similarity
2025	A/RES/80/144	Sustainable mountain development	5,338	72%Compare
2022	A/RES/77/172	Sustainable mountain development	4,640	71%Compare
2020	A/RES/74/227	Sustainable mountain development	3,460	63%Compare
2017	A/RES/71/234	Sustainable mountain development	2,371	24%Compare
2014	A/RES/68/217	Sustainable mountain development	1,525	30%Compare

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

7 reports · 2007–2025

Year	Symbol	Title	Mandate resolution
2025	A/80/255	Sustainable mountain development report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/77/172
2022	A/77/217	Sustainable mountain development report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/74/227
2019	A/74/209	Sustainable mountain development report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/71/234
2013	A/68/307	Sustainable mountain development report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/66/205
2011	A/66/294	Sustainable mountain development report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/64/205

What subjects does this mandate have?

19 subjects

Biological Diversity Capacity Building Climate Change Decision-Making Educational Programmes Environmental Financing Environmental Policy Forest Management Information Exchange Institution Building Inter-Agency Cooperation Mountain Areas Mountain Ecosystems Natural Disasters Regional Cooperation Risk Management Sustainable Development Traditional Knowledge Women's Advancement

What’s in this document?

41 operative paragraphs

Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;⁵

⁵A/66/294.

Notes with appreciation that a growing network of Governments, organizations, major groups and individuals around the world recognize the importance of the sustainable development of mountain regions for poverty eradication, and recognizes the global importance of mountains as the source of most of the Earth’s freshwater, as repositories of rich biological diversity and other natural resources, including timber and minerals, as providers of some sources of renewable energy, as popular destinations for recreation and tourism and as areas of important cultural diversity, knowledge and heritage, all of which generate positive, unaccounted economic benefits;

Recognizes that mountains provide sensitive indications of climate change through phenomena such as modifications of biological diversity, the retreat of mountain glaciers and changes in seasonal runoff that are having an impact on major sources of freshwater in the world, and stresses the need to undertake actions to minimize the negative effects of these phenomena and promote adaptation measures;

Also recognizes that sustainable mountain development is a key component in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in many regions of the world;

Encourages greater consideration of sustainable mountain development issues in intergovernmental discussions on climate change, biodiversity loss and combating desertification in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,⁶ the Convention on Biological Diversity,⁷ the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa⁸ and the United Nations Forum on Forests;

⁶United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.

⁷Ibid., vol. 1760, No. 30619.

⁸Ibid., vol. 1954, No. 33480.

Notes with concern that there remain key challenges to achieving sustainable development, eradicating poverty in mountain regions and protecting mountain ecosystems, and that populations in mountain regions are frequently among the poorest in a given country;

Encourages Governments to adopt a long-term vision and holistic approaches in their sustainable development strategies, and to promote integrated approaches to policies related to sustainable development in mountain regions;

Also encourages Governments to integrate mountain sustainable development in national, regional and global policymaking and development strategies, including through incorporating mountain-specific requirements in sustainable development policies or through specific mountain policies;

Notes that the growing demand for natural resources, including water, the consequences of erosion, deforestation and watershed degradation, the frequency and scale of natural disasters, as well as increasing out-migration, the pressures of industry, transport, tourism, mining and agriculture and the consequences of climate change and loss of biodiversity are some of the key challenges in fragile mountain ecosystems to implementing sustainable development and eradicating poverty in mountain regions, consistent with the Millennium Development Goals;

Underlines the importance of sustainable forest management, the avoidance of deforestation and the restoration of lost and degraded forest ecosystems of mountains in order to enhance the role of mountains as natural carbon and water regulators, and notes that International Mountain Day is devoted in 2011 to the theme “Mountains and forests”, as a contribution to the observance of the International Year of Forests, 2011;

Notes that sustainable agriculture in mountain regions is important for the protection of the mountain environment and the promotion of the local economy, and appreciates the important role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the United Nations system in promoting sustainable agricultural development and forestry and its beneficial impact on sustainable mountain development through its field programme, normative activities and support to international processes;

Expresses deep concern at the number and scale of natural disasters and their increasing impact in recent years, which have resulted in massive loss of life and long-term negative social, economic and environmental consequences for vulnerable societies throughout the world, in particular in mountain regions, especially those in developing countries, and urges the international community to take concrete steps to support national and regional efforts to ensure the sustainable development of mountains, and, in this regard, notes with appreciation the Second World Landslide Forum, which was organized by the International Consortium on Landslides and hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in October 2011, and the course on disaster risk management in mountain areas of the International Programme on Research and Training on Sustainable Management of Mountain Areas, organized by the Mountain Partnership Secretariat and the University of Turin, Italy;

Encourages Governments, the international community and other relevant stakeholders to develop or improve disaster risk management strategies to cope with the increasing adverse impact of disasters in mountain regions, such as flash floods, including glacial lake outburst floods, as well as landslides, debris flows and earthquakes;

Calls upon Governments, with the collaboration of the scientific community, mountain communities and intergovernmental organizations, where appropriate, to study, with a view to promoting sustainable mountain development, the specific concerns of mountain communities, including the adverse impact of climate change on mountain environments and biological diversity, in order to elaborate sustainable adaptation strategies and subsequently implement adequate measures to cope with the adverse effects of climate change;

Underlines the fact that action at the national level is a key factor in achieving progress in sustainable mountain development, welcomes its steady increase in recent years with a multitude of events, activities and initiatives, and invites the international community to support the efforts of developing countries to develop and implement strategies and programmes, including, where required, enabling policies and laws for the sustainable development of mountains, within the framework of national development plans;

Encourages the further establishment of committees or similar multi-stakeholder institutional arrangements and mechanisms at the national and regional levels, where appropriate, to enhance intersectoral coordination and collaboration for sustainable development in mountain regions;

Also encourages the increased involvement of local authorities, as well as other relevant stakeholders, in particular the rural population, indigenous peoples, civil society and the private sector, in the development and implementation of programmes, land-use planning and land tenure arrangements, and activities related to sustainable development in mountains;

Underlines the need for improved access to resources, including land, for women in mountain regions, as well as the need to strengthen the role of women in mountain regions in decision-making processes that affect their communities, cultures and environments, and encourages Governments and intergovernmental organizations to integrate the gender dimension, including gender-disaggregated data, in mountain development activities, programmes and projects;

Stresses that indigenous cultures, traditions and knowledge, including in the field of medicine, are to be fully considered, respected and promoted in development policy, programmes and planning in mountain regions, and underlines the importance of promoting the full participation and involvement of mountain communities in decisions that affect them and of integrating indigenous knowledge, heritage and values in all development initiatives;

Recalls with appreciation the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity of a programme of work on mountain biological diversity;⁹

⁹UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/27.

Invites States and other stakeholders to strengthen implementation of the programme of work on mountain biological diversity, including through the establishment of appropriate multi-stakeholder institutional arrangements and an appropriate multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism;

Recognizes that many developing countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, need to be assisted in the formulation and implementation of national strategies and programmes for sustainable mountain development, through bilateral, multilateral and South-South cooperation, as well as through other collaborative approaches;

Emphasizes the importance of the exchange of best practices, information and appropriate environmentally sound technologies for sustainable mountain development, and encourages Member States and relevant organizations in this regard;

Notes that funding for sustainable mountain development has become increasingly important, especially in view of the greater recognition of the global importance of mountains and the high levels of extreme poverty, food insecurity and hardship that mountain communities face, and, in this respect, invites Governments, the United Nations system, the international financial institutions, the Global Environment Facility, all relevant United Nations conventions and their funding mechanisms, within their respective mandates, and all relevant stakeholders from civil society and the private sector to consider providing support, including through voluntary financial contributions, to local, national and international programmes and projects for sustainable development in mountain regions, particularly in developing countries;

Underlines the need to explore a wide range of funding sources, such as public-private partnerships, increased opportunities for microfinance, including microcredit and microinsurance, small housing loans, savings, education and health accounts, and support for entrepreneurs seeking to develop small and medium-sized businesses and, where appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, debt for sustainable development swaps;

Encourages the further development of sustainable agricultural value chains and the improvement of access to and participation in markets for mountain farmers and agro-industry enterprises, with a view to substantially increasing the income of farmers, in particular smallholders and family farmers;

Welcomes the growing contribution of sustainable tourism initiatives in mountain regions as a way to enhance environmental protection and socio-economic benefits to local communities, and the fact that consumer demand is increasingly moving towards responsible and sustainable tourism;

Notes that public awareness needs to be raised with respect to the positive and unaccounted economic benefits that mountains provide not only to highland communities, but also to a large portion of the world’s population living in lowland areas, and underlines the importance of enhancing the sustainability of ecosystems that provide essential resources and services for human well-being and economic activity and of developing innovative means of financing for their protection;

Recognizes that mountain ranges are usually shared among several countries, and in this context encourages transboundary cooperation approaches where the States concerned agree to the sustainable development of mountain ranges and information-sharing in this regard;

Notes with appreciation, in this context, the Convention on the Protection of the Alps¹⁰ which promotes constructive new approaches to the integrated, sustainable development of the Alps, including through its thematic protocols on spatial planning, mountain farming, conservation of nature and landscape, mountain forests, tourism, soil protection, energy and transport, as well as the Declaration on Population and Culture,¹¹ the Action Plan on Climate Change in the Alps,¹² cooperation with other convention bodies on relevant subjects and activities in the context of the Mountain Partnership;

¹⁰United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1917, No. 32724.

¹¹Available from www.alpconv.org/theconvention/index_en.

¹²Available from www.alpconv.org/climate/index_en.

Also notes with appreciation the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians,¹³ adopted and signed by the seven countries of the region to provide a framework for cooperation and multisectoral policy coordination, a platform for joint strategies for sustainable development and a forum for dialogue between all involved stakeholders;

¹³Available from www.carpathianconvention.org/text.

Further notes with appreciation the work of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, which promotes transboundary cooperation among the eight member countries of the Himalaya Hindu Kush to foster action and change for overcoming the economic, social and physical vulnerability of mountain peoples;

Notes with appreciation the contribution of the Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountain Regions project of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the statement of the Adelboden Group in promoting specific policies, appropriate institutions and processes for mountain regions and the positive, unaccounted economic benefits they provide;

Stresses the importance of building capacity, strengthening institutions and enhancing higher and continuing education on mountain issues in order to expand opportunities and encourage the retention of skilled people, including youth, in mountain areas, and stresses also the importance of promoting educational and advocacy programmes in order to foster sustainable mountain development at all levels, to enhance awareness of sustainable development issues in mountain regions and of the nature of relationships between highland and lowland areas and to take full advantage of the opportunities provided annually by International Mountain Day on 11 December in this regard;

Encourages Member States to collect at the local, national and regional levels, as appropriate, disaggregated scientific data on mountain areas through systematic monitoring, including of trends in progress and change, based on relevant criteria, to support interdisciplinary research programmes and projects and to improve decision-making and planning;

Encourages all relevant entities of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, to further enhance their constructive efforts to strengthen inter-agency collaboration to achieve more effective implementation of the relevant chapters of Agenda 21,Error: Reference source not found including chapter 13, and paragraph 42 and other relevant paragraphs of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,Error: Reference source not found taking into account the need for the further involvement of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations University, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund, as well as international financial institutions and other relevant international organizations;

Recognizes the efforts of the Mountain Partnership implemented in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 2003/61 of 25 July 2003, invites the international community and other relevant stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to consider participating actively in the Mountain Partnership to increase its value, and invites the Partnership secretariat to report on its activities and achievements to the Commission on Sustainable Development at its twentieth session, in 2013, at which “mountains” will be one of the thematic clusters to come under revision;

Notes with appreciation, in this context, the efforts of the Mountain Partnership to cooperate with existing multilateral instruments relevant to mountains, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity,Error: Reference source not found the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa,Error: Reference source not found the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,Error: Reference source not found the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and mountain-related regional instruments such as the Convention on the Protection of the AlpsError: Reference source not found and the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians;Error: Reference source not found

Notes the ongoing preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012;

Notes with appreciation the ongoing efforts to improve strategic cooperation among the institutions and initiatives dealing with mountain development, such as the Mountain Forum, the Mountain Partnership, the Mountain Research Initiative, the International Mountain Society, the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development and the Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion;

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution under the sub-item entitled “Sustainable mountain development” of the item entitled “Sustainable development”.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What other versions does this mandate have?

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

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