Security Council Resolution 2808 (2025) [on Extension of the Mandate of the Un Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Monusco) Until 20 Dec. 2026]

Calls on the Government of the DRC to build on previous commitments to protect and respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as to combat impunity in all areas, to ensure that, efforts to eliminate the threat of armed groups and to restore State authority are assessed on a regular basis, and implemented with full respect for international human rights law and international humanitarian law;

Urges the Government of the DRC to hold accountable those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human rights, in particular those that may amount to genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity;

Encourages further steps by the Government of the DRC to hold security forces accountable for violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law and continue fighting impunity within their ranks, and calls on the Congolese authorities to ensure that those responsible for these acts are brought to justice, further calls upon the Government of the DRC to facilitate, in line with previous agreements, full and unhindered access for the Joint Human Rights Office in the DRC (UNJHRO) to all detention and prison facilities, hospitals and morgues and all other premises required for documenting human rights violations, as applicable;

Demands that all armed groups and their support networks cease immediately all forms of violence, other destabilising activities, also demands that all members of armed groups immediately and permanently disband, lay down their arms, reject violence, end and prevent violations and abuses perpetrated against children and release children from their ranks, urges all Congolese armed groups to participate in the disarmament, demobilisation, community recovery and stabilisation programme (P-DDRCS), and foreign armed groups to return to their countries of origin;

Urges the Government of the DRC to take further action to address the threat posed by armed groups, combining military and non-military approaches consistent with international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law; encourages the Government of the DRC, in close liaison with civil society and communities, to revitalize its efforts to establish national and local platforms for dialogue with armed groups willing to disarm, to seek political conditions in preparation for their disarmament and demobilization through tailored, community-based and context specific DDR initiatives with sustainable economic alternatives and opportunities, and ensuring accountability for human rights abuses and international crimes, transitional justice initiatives and the protection of children’s rights further calls upon the Government of the DRC to ensure that its recruitment and mobilization efforts are implemented in a manner supportive of the implementation of the P-DDRCS and ongoing transitional justice and SSR initiatives;

Demands the immediate cessation of support provided by Rwanda Defence Forces to M23, further demands their withdrawal from the DRC territory;

Demands the immediate cessation of support provided by DRC military forces to certain armed groups such as the FDLR, further demands the continued implementation of commitments made by the DRC authorities to neutralize the group;

Encourages the recommitment by Congolese authorities’ to advance security sector reform (SSR) and promote the consolidation of State authority, reconciliation, tolerance and democracy, calls on the Government of the DRC to remain committed to protecting the civilian population through the swift establishment of professional, accountable and sustainable security forces that respect international humanitarian law and domestic and international human rights law and the deployment of an accountable Congolese civil administration including by allocating the necessary financial resources, and taking into account women’s full, equal meaningful and safe participation, and encourages international partners to increase their support in this regard;

Calls on the signatory states of the PSC Framework to assist the effective implementation of the UN Strategy for Peace Consolidation, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Resolution in the Great Lakes region as well as its Action Plan, fully supports the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes in fulfilling his mandate to support the revitalization of the PSC Framework and to promote peace and stability in the region, calls on the Special Envoy to intensify his regional and international engagement to promote a political settlement of the crisis in the eastern DRC, encourages coordinated strategies and shared information between the Office of the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes, MONUSCO, UNOCA and other UN entities in order to support peace initiatives and to seek political solutions to stop illicit cross-border flows of armed combatants, arms and natural resources, as well as to facilitate procedures regarding the repatriation of foreign armed groups;

Authorises MONUSCO to support the implementation of a permanent ceasefire in line with resolution 2773, including by participating in the Ceasefire Oversight and Verification Mechanism (COVM) agreed by the parties in Doha on 14 October, by contributing to the establishment of the COVM’s terms of reference, by providing technical and logistical support to the Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism (EJVM) of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), including for the purposes of monitoring and verifying alleged violations of the permanent ceasefire in North and South Kivu, as required, and by liaising with the parties once the mechanism is established, with a view to supporting the implementation of the Doha Framework in order to restore State authority throughout the DRC;

Strongly encourages the Congolese authorities to identify and allocate the required resources to gradually reinforce, where possible, the presence of state institutions and security and defense forces in order for the Government of the DRC to gradually take on its responsibilities, with a particular focus on the protection of civilians, in areas where MONUSCO is operating, and requests UN Agencies, Funds and Programmes and other relevant partners, to support the Government of the DRC and other national and provincial actors in this regard;

Calls upon the government of the DRC to cooperate fully with MONUSCO’s personnel, ensuring their safety and security, and requests the government to fully respect all provisions of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) until the departure of the final element of MONUSCO from the DRC;

Authorises MONUSCO, in pursuit of its mandated tasks and in line with the basic principles of peacekeeping, to take all necessary measures to carry out its mandate;

Authorises MONUSCO to monitor, report immediately to the Security Council, follow-up on human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, on restrictions on political space and violence, and on hate speech;

Further authorises MONUSCO, without impeding on its capacity to implement its priority tasks, to use its existing capacities to implement the following tasks exclusively in cooperation with the UNCT:

Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account child protection as a cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate, inter alia, in DDR processes and in SSR as well as during interventions leading to the separation of children from armed groups in order to end and prevent violations and abuses against children, and to continue to ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring and reporting mechanisms on children and armed conflict and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Child Protection Advisers in MONUSCO;

Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account gender considerations as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Government of the DRC and other relevant stakeholders in creating a legal, political and socio-economic environment conducive to ensuring the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation and full involvement and representation of women at all levels, and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, protection of civilians, including by engaging women’s networks as partners in protection, support to DDR and SSR efforts, and support to stabilisation efforts, requests MONUSCO support the government in advancing women’s full, equal, meaningful and safe political participation including by providing support to strengthening the capacity of relevant national and provincial level authorities in the implementation of women, peace and security commitments, requests MONUSCO to accelerate the coordinated implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements on sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Women Protection Advisers and Gender Advisers in MONUSCO;

Demands that all parties respect their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law, demands that all parties allow and facilitate, in accordance with relevant provisions of international law and consistent with humanitarian principles, the full, safe, immediate and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel, equipment and supplies, including through the reopening of the Goma airport for humanitarian purposes, and the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations in need, in particular to refugees and internally displaced persons, throughout the territory of the DRC, and further demands that all parties respect and protect humanitarian and medical personnel;

Calls on Member States and international and regional organisations to respond swiftly to the humanitarian needs identified in the Humanitarian Response Plan through increased contributions and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in full and in a timely manner;

Requests MONUSCO to monitor the implementation of the arms embargo as described in paragraphs 1 to 3 of resolution 2783 (2025), in cooperation with the Group of Experts established by resolution 1533 (2004), and in particular observe and report on flows of military personnel, arms or related materiel across the eastern border of the DRC, including by using, as specified in the letter of the Council dated 22 January 2013 (S/2013/44), surveillance capabilities provided by unmanned aerial systems, seize, collect, record and dispose of arms or related materiel brought into the DRC in violation of the measures imposed by paragraphs 1 to 3 of resolution 2783 (2025), and to assist and exchange relevant information with the Group of Experts;

Requests the Secretary-General to provide MONUSCO with the necessary capacities to fulfil its mandate in a complex security environment that includes asymmetric threats and to ensure that all peacekeepers in the field are willing, capable and equipped to effectively and safely implement their mandate, underscores the importance of current and future troop and police contributing countries (T/PCCs) providing troops and police with adequate language skills, capabilities, equipment predeployment training, and the minimum of caveats, highlights that lack of effective command and control, refusal to obey orders, failure to respond to attacks on civilians, declining to participate in or undertake tasks adversely affect the shared responsibility for effective mandate implementation, further requests the Secretary-General, Member States, and the Government of DRC to take all appropriate measures to ensure the best level possible of safety and security of MONUSCO’s personnel, notes with concern the grave risks violations of the Status of Forces Agreement can present to the safety and security of United Nations personnel serving in peacekeeping operations, underscores that the primary responsibility for the safety and security of United Nations personnel and assets rests with host State, highlights the importance of effective communications between United Nations peacekeeping operations and host governments to build trust and mutual understanding and requests the Secretary-General to continue support to national authorities in completing ongoing investigations before the Mission’s withdrawal to implement the provisions of resolution 2589 (2021) for establishing accountability for crimes against peacekeepers;

Requests the Secretary-General to implement the activities listed in paragraph 42 of resolution 2612 (2021) in the planning and conduct of MONUSCO’s operations within the limits of the mandate and area of operation and in line with existing United Nations guidelines and regulations as well as paragraph 44 of resolution 2612 (2021), further requests MONUSCO to implement paragraph 45 of resolution 2612 (2021) and troop- and police-contributing countries to implement paragraphs 46 and 47 of resolution 2612 (2021) and noting the implementation of the United Nations Department of Operational Support’s “Way Forward: Environment Strategy for Peace Operations 2030”;

Urges troop- and police-contributing countries to continue taking appropriate action to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, including vetting of all personnel, predeployment and in-mission awareness training, to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel, including through timely investigations of all allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by troop- and police-contributing countries to hold perpetrators accountable, to take appropriate disciplinary measures, and calls on the Secretary-General, in line with Security Council resolutions 2272 (2016) and 2436 (2018) to repatriate units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse by those units, to report to the United Nations fully and promptly on actions undertaken and also calls on the United Nations to provide appropriate oversight and investigations, where applicable, of all mission personnel;

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months including:

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council every six months, in coordination with the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes and the SRSG for the DRC on the implementation of the PSC Framework and its linkages with the broader security situation in the Great Lakes Region;

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council by 1 March 2026, with an assessment on progress towards the establishment and operationalization of the Ceasefire Oversight and Verification Mechanism, as well as realistic, concrete, cost-effective and operational proposals on the scope of MONUSCO’s engagement in efforts to further support the implementation of a permanent ceasefire, with a particular focus on hot spot areas of North and South Kivu, and expresses its intention to consider in a later resolution, and taking into account the above-mentioned proposals by Secretary-General and the evolving situation on the ground, further changes to the mandate as necessary;