Security Council Resolution 2765 (2024) [on Extension of the Mandate of the Un Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Monusco) Until 20 Dec. 2025]

Requests the Secretary-General and calls upon regional organisations to provide political support to the strengthening of State institutions in the DRC and the restoration of trust among the different parties, including through their good offices, in order to consolidate peace and security, tackle the root causes of conflict in priority areas, as well as foster a broad national consensus around key governance and security reforms, the fight against illegal exploitations of natural resources, and support to current reform and other electoral processes, in line with the government of DRC’s national priorities;

Urges the Government of the DRC to hold accountable those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human rights, in particular those that may amount to genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, stresses both regional cooperation and the DRC’s cooperation with the International Criminal Court following the DRC’s referral of the situation in the DRC in 2004, as well as cooperation with the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights, and notes the May 2023 referral of the DRC authorities followed by the International Criminal Court Prosecutor’s decision to renew the Office’s investigative efforts in the DRC, with a priority focus given to any alleged Rome Statute crimes occurring in North Kivu since January 2022;

Encourages further steps by the Government of the DRC to hold security forces accountable for violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law and continue fighting impunity within their ranks, and calls on the Congolese authorities to ensure that those responsible for these acts are brought to justice, further calls upon the Government of the DRC to facilitate, in line with previous agreements, full and unhindered access for the Joint Human Rights Office in the DRC (UNJHRO) to all detention and prison facilities, hospitals and morgues and all other premises required for documenting human rights violations, as applicable, stresses the need for the Government of the DRC to continue to ensure the increased professionalism of its security forces, including vetting, training and capacity building of security personnel to fully respect domestic and international human rights law, as well as international humanitarian law, and underlines the importance of observing the rule of law;

Demands that all armed groups and their support networks cease immediately all forms of violence, other destabilising activities and the illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural resources, further demands the end of any further advances by the M23, the immediate and full implementation of its commitments made on the withdrawal from all occupied areas and its cantonment as agreed through the African Union endorsed Luanda Process, also demands a comprehensive approach to neutralising armed groups and that all members of armed groups immediately and permanently disband, lay down their arms, reject violence, end and prevent violations perpetrated against children and release children from their ranks, urges all Congolese armed groups to participate in the disarmament, demobilisation, community recovery and stabilisation programme (P-DDRCS), and foreign armed groups to return to their countries of origin,

Urges the Government of the DRC to take further action to address the threat posed by armed groups, combining military and non-military approaches consistent with international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law; further encourages the Government of the DRC, in close liaison with civil society and communities, to revitalize its efforts to establish national and local platforms for dialogue with armed groups willing to disarm, to seek political conditions in preparation for their disarmament and demobilization through the East African Community-led Nairobi process;

Urges the Government of the DRC and its partners, including international financial institutions, to urgently provide adequate and timely support for swift and effective implementation of the DDR of eligible former combatants, under coordination of the PDDRC-S, through tailored, community-based and context specific DDR initiatives with sustainable economic alternatives and opportunities, and ensuring that accountability for human rights violations and abuses and international crimes, transitional justice initiatives and the protection of children’s rights are an integral part of those processes, notes the promulgation of the law establishing an Armed Defense Reserve in the DRC in May 2023 and calls upon the Government of the DRC to ensure that the Armed Defense Reserve, as well as other recruitment and mobilization efforts, are implemented in a manner supportive of the implementation of the P-DDRCS and ongoing transitional justice and SSR initiatives;

Encourages ownership and political will by the signatory states of the PSC Framework for the effective implementation of the UN Strategy for Peace Consolidation, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Resolution in the Great Lakes region as well as its Action Plan, fully supports the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes in fulfilling his mandate to address the remaining challenges in implementation of the PSC Framework and to promote peace and stability in the region, calls on the Special Envoy to intensify his regional and international engagement to support the full implementation of the PSC Framework, including through effective support to ongoing efforts for the revitalization of the PSC Framework and good offices, as well as to regional peace initiatives, notably the Nairobi and Luanda processes, encourages coordinated strategies and shared information between the Office of the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes, MONUSCO, UNOCA and other UN entities, and urges MONUSCO to work with the Office of the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes to seek political solutions to stop the cross-border flows of armed combatants, arms and natural resources that threaten peace and stability in the DRC, by aligning strategies and conducting information-sharing and coordinating their respective reporting;

Calls upon Member States contributing to regional forces to ensure the highest standards of transparency, conduct and discipline for their contingents, and for regional forces to implement a robust compliance framework, in accordance with the African Union Compliance Framework, and further requests relevant UN entities, consistent with their respective mandates, to support its implementation;

Calls upon the Government of the DRC to facilitate in line with previous agreements, full, and unhindered access for MONUSCO to areas where Operation Shujaa is active;

Requests the joint development by the Government of the DRC and the United Nations of a tailored approach to the mission’s gradual, responsible and sustainable withdrawal, that takes into consideration evolving conflict dynamics and protection risks in hotspot areas across the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri, calls for the methodology of such approach to be communicated to the Council in line with OP50; and calls for scaled-up efforts by the Government of the DRC in partnership with MONUSCO and relevant partners, to build the capacity needed to fully assume its primary responsibility for the protection of civilians throughout the national territory;

Strongly encourages the Congolese authorities to develop, with the support of MONUSCO, the UNCT and relevant stakeholders including with civil society, a coherent resource mobilisation strategy to support efforts aimed at strengthening the capacity of Congolese institutions to maintain a protective environment, and calls on the international community and donors to support the adequate scaling up of the activities and programming of relevant United Nations entities at national and regional levels and civil society organizations operating in the DRC to support protection and peacebuilding efforts and calls upon MONUSCO, the UNCT, other United Nations entities operating in the DRC and the DRC Government to accelerate progress on the priority collaborative actions identified in the disengagement plan and to enable scaled up programming by the UNCT in preparation for MONUSCO’s gradual, responsible and sustainable withdrawal, in consultation with international financial institutions;

Calls upon the government of the DRC to cooperate fully with MONUSCO’s personnel, ensuring their safety and security during the withdrawal process, which should be done in a safe and orderly manner, and requests the government to fully respect all provisions of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) until the departure of the final element of MONUSCO from the DRC;

Authorises MONUSCO, in pursuit of its mandated tasks and in line with the basic principles of peacekeeping, to take all necessary measures to carry out its mandate;

Authorises MONUSCO to monitor, report immediately to the Security Council, follow-up on human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, and on restrictions on political space and violence,

Further authorises MONUSCO, without impeding on its capacity to implement its three priority tasks, to use its existing capacities to implement the following tasks exclusively in cooperation with the UNCT and in a streamlined and sequenced manner, bearing in mind that all tasks are mutually reinforcing:

Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account child protection as a cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate, inter alia, in DDR processes and in SSR as well as during interventions leading to the separation of children from armed groups in order to end and prevent violations and abuses against children, and to continue to ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring and reporting mechanisms on children and armed conflict and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Child Protection Advisers in MONUSCO;

Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account gender considerations as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Government of the DRC and other relevant stakeholders in creating a legal, political and socio-economic environment conducive to ensuring the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation and full involvement and representation of women at all levels, and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security, protection of civilians, including by engaging women’s networks as partners in protection, support to DDR and SSR efforts, and support to stabilisation efforts, requests MONUSCO support the government in advancing women’s full, equal, meaningful and safe political participation, including by providing support to strengthening the capacity of relevant national and provincial level authorities in the implementation of women, peace and security commitments and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Women Protection Advisers and Gender Advisers in MONUSCO;

Calls on Member States and international and regional organisations to respond swiftly to the humanitarian needs identified in the Humanitarian Response Plan through increased contributions and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in full and in a timely manner;

Requests MONUSCO to monitor the implementation of the arms embargo as described in paragraphs 1 to 3 of resolution 2738 (2024), in cooperation with the Group of Experts established by resolution 1533 (2004), and in particular observe and report on flows of military personnel, arms or related materiel across the eastern border of the DRC, including by using, as specified in the letter of the Council dated 22 January 2013 (S/2013/44), surveillance capabilities provided by unmanned aerial systems, seize, collect, record and dispose of arms or related materiel brought into the DRC in violation of the measures imposed by paragraphs 1 to 3 of resolution 2688 (2023), and to assist and exchange relevant information with the Group of Experts;

Requests the Secretary-General to provide MONUSCO with the necessary capacities to fulfil its mandate in a complex security environment that includes asymmetric threats to its personnel and to ensure that all peacekeepers in the field are willing, capable and equipped to effectively and safely implement their mandate, underscores the importance of current and future troop and police contributing countries (T/PCCs) providing troops and police with adequate capabilities, equipment and predeployment training, further requests the Secretary-General, Member States, and the Government of DRC to take all appropriate measures to ensure the best level possible of safety and security of MONUSCO’s personnel, in line with resolution 2518 (2020), in line with UN guidelines and best practices to improve safety of peacekeepers, notes with concern the grave risks violations of the Status of Forces Agreement can present to the safety and security of United Nations personnel serving in peacekeeping operations, underscores that the primary responsibility for the safety and security of United Nations personnel and assets rests with host State, highlights the importance of effective communications between United Nations peacekeeping operations and host governments to build trust and mutual understanding and requests the Secretary-General to continue support to national authorities in completing ongoing investigations before the Mission’s withdrawal to implement the provisions of resolution 2589 (2021) for establishing accountability for crimes against peacekeepers;

Requests the Secretary-General to implement the activities listed in paragraph 42 of resolution 2612 (2021) in the planning and conduct of MONUSCO’s operations within the limits of the mandate and area of operation and in line with existing United Nations guidelines and regulations as well as paragraph 44 of resolution 2612 (2021), further requests MONUSCO to implement paragraph 45 of resolution 2612 (2021) and troop- and police-contributing countries to implement paragraphs 46 and 47 of resolution 2612 (2021) and noting the implementation of the United Nations Department of Operational Support’s “Way Forward: Environment Strategy for Peace Operations 2030”, which emphasises good stewardship of resources and a positive legacy of the mission, and identifies the goal of expanded renewable energy use in missions to enhance safety and security, save costs, offer efficiencies and benefit the mission;

Urges troop- and police-contributing countries to continue taking appropriate action to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, including vetting of all personnel, predeployment and in-mission awareness training, to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel, including through timely investigations of all allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by troop- and police-contributing countries to hold perpetrators accountable, to take appropriate disciplinary measures, notes the content of the latest Secretary-General’s report while recalling that fighting against sexual exploitation and abuse remains critical, and calls on the Secretary-General, in line with Security Council resolutions 2272 (2016) and 2436 (2018) to repatriate units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse by those units, to report to the United Nations fully and promptly on actions undertaken and also calls on the United Nations to provide appropriate oversight and investigations, where applicable, of all mission personnel;

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months including:

Requests the Government of the DRC and the United Nations, within the framework of the Joint Working Group consisting of the Government of the DRC, MONUSCO and the UN Country team to report to the Security Council by 31 March 2025, in coordination with relevant stakeholders, including with civil society, on the assessment and lessons learned from the withdrawal of MONUSCO from South Kivu including on children and armed conflict, and on the definition, methodology, practical modalities, and intended way forward for the operationalization of the tailored approach aiming at adapting to local conflict dynamics and protection risks in hotspot areas, with a view to informing further steps for the mission’s gradual, sustainable and responsible withdrawal with a specific focus on protection of civilians;

Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council every six months, in coordination with the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes and the SRSG for the DRC on the implementation of the PSC Framework and its linkages with the broader security situation in the Great Lakes Region;