Statement [Made on Behalf of the Security Council, at the 6427th Meeting, 22 Nov. 2010, in Connection with the Council's Consideration of the Item Entitled "Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict"]

S/PRST/2010/25View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Presidential Statement of the Security Council, under agenda item 189 Protection of civilians in armed conflict, published in 2010.

What subjects does this mandate have?

6 subjects

Civilian Persons Human Rights in Armed Conflicts Human Rights Violations Humanitarian Assistance International Humanitarian Law Peacekeeping Operations

What’s in this document?

219 paragraphs

At the 6427th meeting of the Security Council, held on 22 November 2010, in connection with the Council’s consideration of the item entitled “Protection of civilians in armed conflict”, the President of the Security Council made the following statement on behalf of the Council:

“The Security Council reaffirms its commitment regarding the protection of civilians in armed conflict, to the continuing and full implementation, in a mutually-reinforcing manner of all previous relevant resolutions and statements of its president including resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674(2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1882 (2009) 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) 1894 (2009), noting in particular that resolution 1894 marked a significant step in providing guidance to ensure the effective protection of civilians on the ground.

“The Security Council takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians of 11 November 2010 (S/2010/579) and the recommendations contained therein.

“The Security Council recalls that on 15 March 2002 an Aide Memoire was adopted, as a practical tool that provides a basis for improved analysis and diagnosis of key protection issues. The Security Council adopts the updated aide memoire contained in the annex to this Statement of its President and stresses the need to continue its use on a more systematic and consistent basis.

“The Security Council recognizes that States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure the human rights of all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction as provided for by relevant international law.

“The Security Council reaffirms that parties to armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of affected civilians and urges parties to armed conflict to meet their basic needs, and give attention to the specific needs of women and children, refugees, internally displaced persons, as well as other civilians who may have specific vulnerabilities including persons with disabilities and older persons.

“The Security Council emphasizes that the promotion of peace processes and the achievement of sustainable peace and development as well as respect for human rights and the rule of law are of utmost importance for the long term protection of civilians.

“The Security Council remains committed to addressing the impact of armed conflict on civilians, in particular women and children. The Council expresses its deep regret that civilians continue to account for the vast majority of casualties in situations of armed conflict, including as a result of deliberate targeting, indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks and sexual and gender based violence, as well as other acts that violate applicable international law. The Council demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and reaffirms its readiness to adopt appropriate measures.

“The Security Council notes with concern the humanitarian impact of conflict, in or near densely populated areas, and calls on parties to armed conflict to give protection to the civilian population in accordance with applicable international humanitarian law.

“The Security Council reiterates its strong condemnation of all violations of applicable international law and demands that parties to armed conflict comply strictly with the obligations applicable to them under international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, as well as to implement all relevant decisions of the Security Council. The Security Council emphasizes in this context the responsibility of States to comply with their relevant obligations to end impunity and notes that the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes of international concern has been strengthened through prosecution of these crimes in national, international and “mixed” criminal courts and tribunals, commissions of inquiry as well as specialized chambers in national tribunals. The Council takes note of the stocktaking of international criminal justice undertaken by the first Review Conference of the Rome Statute held in Kampala, Uganda from 31 May to 11 June 2010. The Security Council also draws attention to the full range of justice and reconciliation mechanisms, including truth and reconciliation commissions, national reparation programmes and institutional reforms.

“The Security Council recognises the needs of civilians under foreign occupation and stresses further, in this regard, the responsibilities of the occupying power in full compliance with international humanitarian law.

“The Council reiterates the importance for all, within the framework of humanitarian assistance, of upholding and respecting the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence. The Security Council condemns and calls for the cessation of all acts of violence and other forms of intimidation deliberately directed at humanitarian personnel as such and calls on all parties to conflict to comply with the obligations applicable to them under international humanitarian law to respect and protect humanitarian personnel and relief consignments. The Council underlines in this respect the importance to continue the systematic monitoring and analysis of constraints on humanitarian access.

“The Security Council stresses the importance of achieving durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons, in particular their voluntary, safe and dignified return, or local integration or resettlement.

“The Security Council welcomes the proposals, conclusions and recommendations on the protection of civilians included in the report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (A/64/19). The Council stresses the importance of ensuring engagement by senior mission leadership on the protection of civilians, with a view to ensuring that all mission components and all levels of the chain of command are properly informed of and involved in the mission’s protection mandate and their relevant responsibilities. The Council welcomes progress made by the Secretary-General in elaborating a conceptual framework, outlining resource and capability requirements and developing operational tools for the implementation of protection of civilians mandates. The Council emphasises the importance of improving pre-deployment training for peacekeeping personnel on the protection of civilians. The Council encourages troop and police contributing countries to make full use of and provide feedback on these important materials.

“The Security Council underlines that, in order to carry out their mandate, missions must communicate effectively with local communities and have the capacity to do so. The Council underlines, in this context, the importance of taking into account gender sensitivities and of making full use of all the tools available to the mission, in particular its Public Information and Civil Affairs components, such as civil affairs officers, community liaison interpreters, and radio.

“The Security Council reaffirms its practice of requiring benchmarks to measure and review progress made in the implementation of peacekeeping mandates, underlines the importance of clear benchmarks in the context of drawdown in peacekeeping missions, and stresses the importance of including indicators of progress regarding the protection of civilians in such benchmarks for relevant missions.

“The Security Council recognises the need for systematic monitoring and reporting on progress to protect civilians in armed conflict. The Security Council further reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to develop guidance for peacekeeping and other relevant missions on the reporting of the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Security Council reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to include in his reports on country-specific situations more comprehensive and detailed information relating to protection of civilians in armed conflict.

“The Security Council notes the practice of briefings to Security Council members by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on behalf of the United Nations humanitarian community.

“The Security Council takes note of the Montreux Document on pertinent international legal obligations and good practices for States related to operations of private military and security companies during armed conflict.

“The Security Council emphasizes that all civilians affected by armed conflict, including those suffering losses as a result of lawful acts under international law, deserve assistance and recognition in respect of their inherent dignity as human beings.

“The Security Council requests the Secretary-General to submit his next report on the protection of civilians by May 2012.”

Protection of civilians in armed conflict

Aide Memoire

For the consideration of issues pertaining to the protection of civilians in armed conflict.

Enhancing the protection of civilians in armed conflict is at the core of the work of the United Nations Security Council for the maintenance of peace and security. In order to facilitate the Council’s consideration of protection of civilians concerns in a given context, including at the time of the establishment or renewal of peacekeeping mandates, in June 2001 Council Members suggested that an Aide Memoire, listing the relevant issues, be drafted in cooperation with the Council (S/2001/614). On 15 March 2002, the Council adopted the Aide Memoire as a practical guide for its consideration of protection of civilians issues and agreed to review and update its contents periodically (S/PRST/2002/6). It was subsequently updated and adopted as an annex to Presidential Statement S/PRST/2003/27 on 15 December 2003.

This is the fourth edition of the Aide Memoire and is based on the Council’s previous deliberations on the protection of civilians, including resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006) and 1894 (2009). It is the result of consultation between the Security Council and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), as well as between OCHA and concerned United Nations departments and agencies, and other relevant humanitarian organisations.

The Aide Memoire is intended to facilitate the Security Council’s consideration of issues relevant to the protection of civilians in armed conflict. To this end, it highlights primary objectives for Security Council action; offers, on the basis of the Security Council’s past practice, specific issues for consideration in meeting those objectives; and provides, in the addendum, a selection of agreed language from Security Council resolutions and presidential statements that refer to such concerns.

Bearing in mind that each peacekeeping mandate has to be elaborated on a case-by-case basis, the Aide Memoire is not intended as a blueprint for action. The relevance and practicality of the various measures described has to be considered and adapted to the specific conditions in each situation.

Most frequently civilians are caught in circumstances of dire need where a peacekeeping operation has not been established. Such situations may require the Council’s urgent attention. This Aide Memoire may, therefore, also provide guidance in circumstances where the Council may wish to consider action outside the scope of a peacekeeping operation.

General protection concerns pertaining to the conflict-affected population

Protection of, and assistance to, the conflict-affected population

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to protect and meet the basic needs of the conflict-affected population.

Issues for consideration:

Stress the responsibility of parties to armed conflict to respect, protect and meet the basic needs of civilian populations within their effective control.

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law, including with regard to:

▪ The prohibition against violence to life and person, in particular murder, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; enforced disappearances; outrages upon personal dignity; rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence.

▪ The prohibition against arbitrary deprivation of liberty; corporal punishment; collective punishment; and the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable.

▪ The prohibition against taking of hostages.

▪ The prohibition against ordering the displacement of the civilian population for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand.

▪ The prohibition against the recruitment or the active use of children in hostilities by parties to armed conflict in violation of applicable international law.

▪ The prohibition against slavery and the slave trade in all their forms and uncompensated or abusive forced labour.

▪ The prohibition against wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under international humanitarian law.

▪ The prohibition of persecution on political, religious, racial or gender grounds.

▪ The prohibition of any adverse distinction in the application of international humanitarian law and human rights law based on race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status.

▪ The obligation to respect and protect, to whichever party they belong, the wounded and sick, to take all possible measures, particularly after an engagement, to search for and collect the wounded and sick and to provide, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay, the medical care and attention required by their condition without distinction on any grounds other than medical ones.

Call on all parties to ensure access for relevant organizations, as applicable, to all prisons and places of detention.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to contribute to the protection of the civilian population, particularly those under imminent threat of physical violence, within their zones of operation. In doing so, request:

▪ That the protection of civilians is prioritized in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of mandates.

▪ The development of clear guidelines/directives as to what missions can do to protect civilians, including practical protection measures such as intensified and systematic patrolling in potential volatile areas, joint protection teams or early warning cells.

▪ Systematic coordination, between the civil and military components of the mission and with humanitarian actors, in order to consolidate expertise on the protection of civilians.

▪ That missions communicate with the civilian population to raise awareness and understanding about their mandate and activities and to collect reliable information on violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses perpetrated against civilians.

Request that United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions develop comprehensive protection strategies in consultation with United Nations country teams and other relevant actors.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country specific situations include information on the protection of civilians.

Request that United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions develop benchmarks and indicators of progress regarding the protection of civilians to measure. specific developments in the implementation of their protection mandates.

Request troop- and police-contributing countries to ensure the provision of appropriate training to heighten the awareness and responsiveness to protection concerns of their personnel participating in United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to protect civilians.

Urge relevant regional and/or subregional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of civilians affected by armed conflict.

Displacement

Parties to armed conflict and other relevant actors refrain from, and take the necessary measures to prevent and respond to, the displacement of the civilian population.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, displacement in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, including with regard to:

▪ The prohibition against deportation, forcible transfer or displacement of the civilian population, in whole or in part, unless the security of the civilians concerned or imperative military reasons so demand.

▪ The obligation, in case of displacement, to ensure to the greatest practicable extent that the civilians concerned are received under satisfactory conditions of shelter, hygiene, health, safety and nutrition and that members of the same family are not separated and that basic needs are met during displacement.

▪ The right to freedom of movement and to leave one’s country and seek asylum.

▪ The right to non-refoulement under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the protection of which does not extend to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that she or he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Underline the primary responsibility of States to respect and maintain the security and civilian character of camps for refugees and internally displaced persons, including disarming armed elements, separating combatants, curbing the flow of small arms in camps and preventing recruitment by armed groups in and around camps.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to take all feasible measures to ensure security in and around such camps and for their inhabitants.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of displaced persons as a specific aspect of the report.

Urge relevant regional and/or subregional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of internally displaced persons and refugees.

Durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons, including safe, voluntary and dignified return and reintegration.

Issues for consideration:

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, refugee law and human rights law, including with regard to:

▪ Respect for the right of refugees and displaced persons to voluntary return in safety and dignity to their homes.

▪ Respect for the property rights of refugees and displaced persons, without adverse distinction on the basis of gender, age or other status.

Stress in relevant resolutions the importance of achieving durable solutions for refugees and displaced persons, including voluntary, safe and dignified return, and of ensuring their full participation in the planning and management of these solutions. Call upon all parties concerned to create the conditions conducive to allowing the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return, local integration or resettlement of refugees and displaced persons.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure non-discriminatory treatment of returning refugees and internally displaced persons.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure the participation of refugees and internally displaced persons and inclusion of their needs, including their right to voluntary, safe and dignified return and reintegration, in all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programs.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to support domestic mechanisms for addressing housing, land and property issues or their establishment by national authorities.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to prevent the illegal appropriation and confiscation of land and property belonging to refugees and internally displaced persons and to ensure the protection of returning refugees and internally displaced persons.

Humanitarian access and safety and security of humanitarian workers

Parties to armed conflict to agree to and facilitate relief operations that are humanitarian and impartial in character and to allow and facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of relief consignments, equipment and personnel.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate removal of, impediments of humanitarian access in violation of applicable international humanitarian law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including:

▪ The prohibition against using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under applicable international humanitarian law.

▪ Agreeing to relief actions which are humanitarian and impartial in character and conducted without any adverse distinction.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict and third States with their obligations under applicable international humanitarian law to allow and facilitate the rapid and unimpeded passage of relief consignments, equipment and personnel subject to their right to prescribe technical arrangements, including search, under which such passage is permitted.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, where appropriate and as requested, to facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance.

Parties to armed conflict to respect and protect humanitarian workers and facilities.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, attacks deliberately targeting humanitarian workers.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including the duty to respect and protect relief personnel and installations, material, units and vehicles involved in humanitarian assistance.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to contribute, as requested and within capabilities, to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance.

Encourage the Secretary-General to bring to the attention of the Security Council situations in which humanitarian assistance is denied as a consequence of violence directed against humanitarian personnel and facilities.

Request that States include key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel and its Optional Protocol, such as those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of United Nations operations, the criminalisation of such attacks and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-mission and host country agreements negotiated with the United Nations.

Conduct of hostilities

Parties to armed conflict to take all feasible precautions to spare civilians from the effects of hostilities.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including the prohibitions against:

▪ Directing attacks against the civilian population or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities;

▪ Directing attacks against civilian objects;

▪ Launching an attack that is indiscriminate, i.e., of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction;

▪ Launching an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or a combination thereof which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated;

▪ Directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the United Nations Charter, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under international humanitarian law;

▪ Utilizing the presence of a civilian or other protected person to render certain points, areas or military forces immune from military operations;

▪ Rape and other forms of sexual violence;

▪ Directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;

▪ Directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law;

▪ Destroying or seizing the property of the adversary unless required by military necessity;

▪ Using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under applicable international humanitarian law.

Request regular reporting by United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council on concrete steps taken to ensure the protection of the civilian population in the conduct of hostilities and on measures to ensure accountability for violations of applicable international humanitarian law.

Small arms and light weapons, mines and explosive remnants of war

Protection of the civilian population through the control of, and reduction in the availability of, illicit small arms and light weapons.

Issues for consideration:

Express concern at the detrimental impact of the proliferation of arms, in particular small arms, on the security of civilians by fuelling armed conflict, and request the mission to monitor the presence of arms among the civilian population.

Request States and regional and subregional organizations to adopt measures to curb and reduce the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons such as voluntary collection and destruction; effective stockpile management; arms embargoes; sanctions; and legal measures against corporate actors, individuals and entities involved in such activities.

Encourage strengthened practical cooperation between United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council aimed at monitoring and preventing the cross-border movement of small arms and light weapons.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to collect and dispose of or secure illicit and/or surplus small arms and light weapons as well as surplus ammunition stockpiles.

Consider imposing arms embargoes and other measures aimed at preventing the sale or supply of arms and related materiel of all types to parties to armed conflict that commit violations of applicable international law.

Encourage strengthened practical cooperation among relevant sanctions monitoring groups of the Security Council, peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council and States.

Request the establishment of a baseline arms inventory as well as arms marking and registration systems in situations where a United Nations arms embargo coincides with disarmament, demobilization and reintegration efforts.

Protection of the civilian population through the marking, clearance, removal or destruction of mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), including cluster munition remnants.

Issues for consideration:

Call on parties to armed conflict, after the cessation of active hostilities and as soon as feasible, to mark, clear, remove or destroy mines and ERW in affected territories under their control, prioritizing areas affected by mines and ERW which are assessed to pose serious humanitarian risk.

Call on parties to armed conflict to record and retain information on the use of mines and explosive ordnance or the abandonment of explosive ordnance, to facilitate rapid marking and clearance, removal or destruction of mines and ERW and risk education, and to provide the relevant information to the party in control of, and civilian populations in, the territory.

Call on parties to armed conflict to take all feasible precautions in the territory under their control affected by mines and ERW to protect the civilian population, in particular children, including issuing warnings, undertaking risk education, marking, fencing and monitoring of territory affected by mines and ERW.

Call on parties to armed conflict to protect United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as well as humanitarian organizations, from the effects of mines and ERW and to make available information on the location of mines and ERW that they are aware of in the territory where the mission/organizations are or will be operating.

Call on parties to armed conflict, States and other relevant actors to provide technical, financial, material or human resources assistance to facilitate the marking, clearance, removal or destruction of mines and ERW.

Call on parties to armed conflict, States and other relevant actors to provide assistance for the care, rehabilitation and economic and social reintegration of victims of ERW and their families and communities.

Compliance, accountability and the rule of law

Compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Issues for consideration:

Call on parties to armed conflict to take appropriate measures to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law and human rights law, including by:

▪ Enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility.

▪ Training troops on applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

▪ Vetting armed and security forces to ensure that personnel have a reliably attested record of not having been involved in violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law.

Consider applying targeted and graduated measures against parties to armed conflict that commit violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Stress that the support of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions to military operations led by national armed forces is strictly conditioned on the compliance of those armed forces with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and on joint planning of such operations.

Call upon United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions to intercede with national armed forces if elements of the latter, receiving support from the mission are suspected of committing violations of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and, if the situation persists, to withdraw the mission’s support.

Request the mission to provide military training, including in the area of human rights, international humanitarian law, child protection and the prevention of gender-based and sexual violence, to the armed forces.

Accountability for persons suspected of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious violations of human rights law.

Issues for consideration:

Stress the importance of ending impunity for criminal violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law as part of a comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace, justice, truth, and national reconciliation.

Call on States to comply with their obligations to investigate, search for, prosecute or extradite persons suspected of committing genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or other serious violations of human rights law.

Stress the need for the exclusion of, and reject any form of, or endorsement of, amnesty for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights in conflict resolution processes and ensure that no such amnesty previously granted is a bar to prosecution before any United Nations-created or assisted court.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to promote, in cooperation with relevant States, the establishment of effective arrangements for investigating and prosecuting violations of international humanitarian law or other serious violations of human rights law.

Request the cooperation of States and United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council in the apprehension and surrender of alleged perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights law.

Consider the establishment, in situations where local judicial mechanisms are overwhelmed, of ad hoc judicial mechanisms at the national or international level to investigate and prosecute war crimes and serious violations of human rights law.

Consider the referral of situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes to the International Criminal Court.

Protection of civilians through the restoration and enforcement of the rule of law, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes and security sector reforms.

Issues for consideration:

Call upon States to ensure equal protection under the law and equal access to justice for victims of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, including women and children, and to take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of victims and witnesses.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to support restoration of the rule of law, including the provision of assistance in monitoring, restructuring and reforming the justice sector.

Request the rapid deployment of qualified and well-trained international civilian police, justice and corrections experts as a component of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Call on States, regional and subregional organizations to provide technical assistance for local police, judiciary and penitentiaries (e.g., mentoring, legislative drafting).

Stress the importance of permanently disarming, demobilizing, reintegrating former combatants of national and foreign armed groups and assisting the victims in conflict affected communities.

Stress the importance of security sector reform and urge all international partners to support the efforts to professionalize and ensure the civilian oversight of the national security forces and the police.

Build confidence and enhance stability by promoting truth and reconciliation mechanisms.

Issues for consideration:

Mandate the establishment of appropriate, locally adapted, mechanisms for truth and reconciliation (e.g., technical assistance, funding, and reintegration of civilians within communities).

Request, where appropriate, the establishment by the Secretary-General of commissions of inquiry and similar measures with regard to situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or serious violations of human rights law.

Media and information

Protection of journalists, other media professionals and associated personnel.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn and call for the immediate cessation of attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel operating in situations of armed conflict.

Call for compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and respect for the civilian status of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel as well as their equipment and installations.

Demand that States take all necessary steps to prosecute those responsible for attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel in violation of applicable international humanitarian law.

Counter occurrences of speech used to incite violence.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn and call for the immediate cessation of incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict.

Demand that States bring to justice individuals who incite or otherwise cause such violence.

Impose targeted and graduated measures in response to media broadcasts inciting genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights law.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to promote the establishment of media monitoring mechanisms to ensure effective monitoring, reporting and documenting of any incidents, origins and contents that incite “hate media”.

Promote and support accurate management of information on the conflict.

Issues for consideration:

Urge parties to armed conflict to respect the professional independence of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to include a mass-media component that can disseminate information about international humanitarian law and human rights law while also giving objective information about the activities of the United Nations.

Request relevant actors to provide technical assistance to States in drafting and enforcing anti-hate speech legislation.

Specific protection concerns arising from Security Council discussions on children affected by armed conflict

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to meet the specific protection, health, education and assistance needs of children.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, including the recruitment or active use in hostilities of children by parties to armed conflict in violation of applicable international law, the killing or maiming of children; rape and other grave sexual abuse of children; abduction of children; attacks against schools or hospitals; and denial of humanitarian access for children.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law relating to children affected by armed conflict.

Call upon relevant parties to develop and implement concrete time-bound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children, in close collaboration with United Nations peacekeeping missions, United Nations country teams and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict.

Call upon all parties concerned to implement the recommendations of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict.

Include specific provisions for the protection of children in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of children as a specific aspect of the report.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of children affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes, including measures for family tracing and reunification, the rehabilitation and reintegration of separated children, and the release and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.

Urge States, United Nations entities, regional and subregional organizations and other concerned parties, to take appropriate measures to control illicit subregional and cross-border activities harmful to children, as well as other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international law.

Urge relevant regional and/or subregional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of children affected by armed conflict.

Specific protection concerns arising from Security Council discussions on women affected by armed conflict

Parties to armed conflict and other relevant actors to refrain from, and take the necessary measures to prevent and respond to, sexual violence.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, acts of sexual violence committed in the context of, and associated with, armed conflict.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with the rules of international humanitarian law and human rights law prohibiting rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence.

Call on parties to armed conflict take appropriate measures to refrain from, prevent and protect all persons from all forms of sexual violence, including by:

▪ Enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility.

▪ Training troops on the categorical prohibition of all forms of sexual violence.

▪ Debunking myths that fuel sexual violence.

▪ Vetting armed and security forces to ensure that personnel have a reliably attested record of not having been involved in the perpetration of rape and other forms of sexual violence.

▪ Evacuating to safety civilians under imminent threat of sexual violence.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include sexual violence as a specific aspect of the report, including to the extent possible, disaggregated data as to gender and age of victims; and request the development of mission-specific strategies and plans of action for preventing and responding to sexual violence, as part of a broader protection of civilians strategy.

Urge relevant regional and/or subregional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of civilians affected by sexual violence.

Request troop- and police-contributing countries to deploy higher numbers of women peacekeepers or police, and to ensure the provision of appropriate training to their personnel, participating in United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, on the protection of civilians, including women and children, and the prevention of sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations.

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to meet the specific protection, health and assistance needs of women and girls.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, violations and abuses committed against women and girls in situations of armed conflict.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law relating to the protection of women and girls affected by armed conflict.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of women and girls affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes.

Include specific provisions for the protection of women and girls in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of women and girls as a specific aspect of the report.

Urge relevant regional and/or subregional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of women and girls affected by armed conflict.

Equal participation and full involvement of women in the prevention and resolution of armed conflict.

Issues for consideration:

Urge States, United Nations entities, regional and subregional organizations and other concerned parties to ensure increased representation of women at all decision-making levels in national, regional and international institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict.

Call on all actors involved in negotiating and implementing peace agreements to adopt a gender perspective, including by considering:

▪ The needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction.

▪ Measures that support local women’s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in the implementation mechanisms of peace agreements.

▪ Measures that ensure the protection of, and respect for, the human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.

Urge the Secretary-General and his Special Envoys to ensure the participation of women in discussions pertinent to the prevention and resolution of conflict, the maintenance of peace and security, and post-conflict peace-building, and encourage all parties to such talks to facilitate the equal and full participation of women at all decision-making levels.

Ensure that Security Council missions take into account gender considerations and the rights of women and girls, including through consultation with local and international women’s groups.

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to expand the role, numbers and contribution of women in United Nations operations, and especially among military observers and civilian police.

Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA).

Issues for consideration:

Urge humanitarian and development organizations to take appropriate action to prevent SEA by their personnel, including pre-deployment and in-theatre awareness training and, in the case of United Nations actors, to promote and ensure compliance, including by civilian staff of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13).

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to take appropriate action to prevent SEA by their personnel, including pre-deployment and in-theater awareness training to promote and ensure compliance with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13).

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to ensure full accountability in cases of SEA involving their personnel and to report to the Secretary-General on action taken.

Addendum: Selection of agreed language

I. GENERAL PROTECTION CONCERNS PERTAINING TO THE CONFLICT-AFFECTED POPULATION | A. Protection of, and assistance to the conflict-affected population | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Remaining greatly concerned by the humanitarian and human rights situation in areas affected by armed conflicts, condemning in particular the targeted attacks against the civilian population, widespread sexual violence, recruitment and use of child soldiers and extrajudicial executions | S/RES/1925 (2010), pp 11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 18; S/RES/1923 (2010), pp. 4; S/RES/1919 (2010), pp. 12 and op. 4; S/RES/1910 (2010), op. 16; S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 6 and op. 10; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 3, op. 11 and op. 26; S/RES/1574 (2004), op. 11; S/RES/1556 (2004), pp. 8; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 2 and op. 5. | Condemning all and any violations of human rights and international humanitarian and human rights law, stressing the responsibility of all parties in [the affected country] to respect fully their obligations in this regard and to take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and children …. | S/RES/1910 (2010), pp. 16 | Demands an end to violence by all sides, to attacks on civilians, peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, and to other violations of human rights and international humanitarian law… | S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 11 | Reaffirms … its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international obligations with respect in particular to (i) torture and other prohibited treatment, (ii) gender-based and sexual violence, (iii) violence against children, (iv) the recruitment and use of child soldiers, (v) trafficking in humans, (vi) forced displacement, and (vii) the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance, and demands that all parties put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 5 | Condemning all acts of violence and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by all parties to the crisis … including indiscriminate attacks on civilians, rapes, forced displacements, and acts of violence especially those with an ethnic dimension, and expressing its utmost concern at the consequences of the conflict … on the civilian population, including women, children, internally displaced persons, and refugees. | S/RES/1556 (2004), pp. 8 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | [C]alling on all parties to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law, emphasizing the need to bring to justice the perpetrators of such crimes and urging the Government… to comply with its obligations in this respect, | S/RES/1935 (2010), pp. 12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 9; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 11 and pp. 3; S/RES/1891 (2009), pp. 8; S/RES/1860 (2009), pp. 3; and pp. 4; S/RES/1801 (2008), op. 13; S/RES/1794 (2007), pp. 5 and op. 7; S/RES/1790 (2007), pp. 18; S/RES/1776 (2007), pp. 1; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 6; S/PRST/2004/46; S/RES/1574 (2003), o p. 11 ; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp. 10; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; and S/RES/307 (1971). op. 3. | Emphasizes the importance of ensuring access for relevant organizations, as applicable, to all prisons and places of detention in [the affected country], and calls for full respect for relevant international law including humanitarian law and human rights law. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 21 | Stressing the primary responsibility of the Government of the [affected country] for ensuring security in its territory and protecting its civilians with respect for the rule of law, human rights and international humanitarian law …. | S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 3 | Calls upon the States in the region to ensure that any military actions against armed groups are carried out in accordance with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and that they take appropriate measures to protect civilians and reduce the impact of military actions upon the civilian population, including through regular contacts with and early warning of the civilian population on potential attacks. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 17 | [E]ncourages the … authorities [of the affected country] to take full advantage of [the mission’s] support, notably … to address the issue of prolonged pretrial detentions and prison overcrowding, with special regard to children. | S/RES/1892 (2009), op. 15 | Expressing its serious concern with the high number of civilian casualties, and calling for compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law and for all appropriate measures to be taken to ensure the protection of civilians. | S/RES/1890 (2009), pp. 15 | [R]eaffirming that all parties should continue to take all feasible steps and develop modalities to ensure the protection of affected civilians, including children, women and members of religious and ethnic minority groups … s | S/RES/1883 (2009), pp. 11 | Expressing its concern that serious crimes, in particular killing and maiming, have been committed against civilians and humanitarian staff, in the ongoing conflict in [the affected country] and reaffirming the importance of the fight against impunity. | S/RES/1872 (2009), pp. 13 | [S]tresses the responsibility of all parties and armed groups in [the affected country] to take appropriate steps to protect the civilian population in the country, consistent with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular by avoiding any indiscriminate or excessive use of force in populated areas. | S/RES/1863 (2009), op. 19 | The Council … recognizes the needs of civilians under foreign occupation and stresses … in this regard, the responsibilities of the occupying Power. | S/PRST/2009/1 | Deeply concerned at armed activities and banditry in [the region] which threaten the security of the civilian population, the conduct of humanitarian operations in those areas and the stability of those countries, and which result in serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1861 (2009), pp. 4 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Decides that, [the mission] shall have the following mandate from the date of adoption of this resolution: (e) Assistance in the field of human rights – To contribute to the promotion and protection of human rights in [the affected country], with special attention to violations committed against children and women and to all forms of sexual violence, to monitor, help investigate and report on human rights and humanitarian law violations with a view to ending impunity, … bring to the attention of the Council all individuals identified as perpetrators of serious human rights violations … | S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 16 | See also, for example, S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 2; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 5; S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 7; S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 2; S/RES/1778 (2007), op. 1, op. 2, op. 6; S/RES/1769 (2007), op. 15; S/RES/1701 (2006), op. 12; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 16; S/RES/1590 (2005), op. 4; and S/RES/1565 (2006), op. 4. | Emphasizes that the protection of civilians must be given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources and authorizes [the mission] to use all necessary means, within the limits of its capacity and in the areas where its units are deployed, to carry out its protection mandate …. | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 11 | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in this order of priority: Protection of civilians (a) Ensure the effective protection of civilians, including humanitarian personnel and human rights defenders, under imminent threat of physical violence, in particular violence emanating from any of the parties engaged in the conflict; (b) Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment; (c) Support the efforts of the Government of the [affected country] to ensure the protection of civilians from violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses, including all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, to promote and protect human rights and to fight impunity, including through the implementation of the Government’s “zero-tolerance policy” with respect to discipline and human rights and humanitarian law violations, committed by elements of the security forces, in particular its newly integrated elements; | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | Calls upon [the mission] to collect information on potential threats against the civilian population as well as reliable information on violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, and bring them to the attention of the authorities as appropriate. | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 17 | [U]nderscores the importance of [the mission] making full use of its authority and capabilities … to take necessary action to provide improved security to the civilian population, humanitarian and development actors, and United Nations personnel under imminent threat of violence, and stresses that this mandate includes the protection of refugees, displaced persons, returnees, and other civilians with regard to the activities of militias and armed groups | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 4 | Reaffirms its practice of ensuring that mandates of UN peacekeeping and other relevant missions include, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding the protection of civilians, stresses that mandated protection activities must be given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of mandates; and recognizes, that the protection of civilians when and as mandated requires a coordinated response from all relevant mission components; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 19 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will have the mandate, within the limits of its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to assist [the affected State] in establishing a stable security environment … and, to that end, to: Protection of civilians, humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel and facilities (a) Ensure the protection of civilians, including humanitarian personnel, under imminent threat of physical violence; (b) Contribute to the improvement of the security conditions in which humanitarian assistance is provided, and assist in the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons; (c) Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment; (d) Ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated personnel; (e) Carry out joint patrols with the riot control units of the national police to improve security in the event of civil disturbance. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 2 | Recognizes the increasingly valuable role that regional organizations and other intergovernmental institutions play in the protection of civilians, and encourages the Secretary-General and the heads of regional and other intergovernmental organizations to continue their efforts to strengthen their partnership in this regard. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 24 | Decides that [regional organization force] is authorized to take all necessary measures, within its means and capabilities, to carry out the following tasks, in accordance with the agreement to be reached between the [regional organization] and the United Nations: … (b) to contribute to the protection of civilians under imminent threat of physical violence in the areas of its deployment, and without prejudice to the responsibility of [the affected State] … (e) to execute operations of limited character in order to extract individuals in danger. | S/RES/1671 (2006), op. 8 | Protection strategy and practical protection measures | Requests [the mission] in consultation with the UN Country Team to develop a comprehensive strategy for the achievement of the objectives set out in paragraph 2 [protection of civilians] above and requests [the mission] to maximize the use of its capabilities in [the affected region], in the implementation of that strategy; | S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 4 | See also, for example, S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 16; S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 10 and op. 6; S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 9; S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 18; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 24. | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in this order of priority: Protection of civilians (f) Implement the United Nations system-wide protection strategy in the [affected country], operationalizing it with [the mission]’s protection strategy built on best practices and extend useful protection measures, such as the Joint Protection Teams, Community Liaison Interpreters, Joint Investigation Teams, Surveillance Centres and Women’s Protection Advisers. | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | Requests [the mission] to build on best practices and extend successful protection measures on protection …, in particular the establishment of Joint Protection Teams, Early Warning Centres, communications liaisons with local villages and other measures, to other areas …. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 9 | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that all relevant peacekeeping missions with protection mandates incorporate comprehensive protection strategies into the overall mission implementation plans and contingency plans which include assessments of potential threats and options for crisis response and risk mitigation and establish priorities, actions and clear roles and responsibilities under the leadership and coordination of the SRSG, with the full involvement of all relevant actors and in consultation with United Nations Country teams; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 24 | [C]alls upon [the mission] to strengthen its conflict management capacity by completing as soon as possible its integrated strategy to support local tribal conflict resolution mechanisms in order to maximize protection of civilians; welcomes the development of a comprehensive strategy on the protection of civilians and encourages [the mission] to continue and complete its work on the strategy in a timely manner; and calls again upon [the mission], consistent with its current mandate and capabilities, to pro actively conduct patrols in areas at high risk of localized conflict. | S/RES/1870 (2009), op. 15 | Reporting | Requests further the Secretary-General to provide a full report on the situation in the [affected country] and on [the mission]’s activities …, in order to prepare the strategic review …, and that this full report should include: (a) Specific information on the challenges of [the mission]’s role in the protection of civilians, an assessment of existing protection mechanisms …, and assessment of special measures for protection from sexual violence. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 41 | See also, for example, S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 22; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 40; S/RES/1833 (2008), op. 6; S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 7; S/RES/1790 (2007), op. 5; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 25; S/RES/1529 (2004), op. 9. | Recognizes the important role of the Secretary-General in providing timely information to the Security Council on protection of civilians in armed conflict in particular through thematic and country specific reports and through briefings; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 31 | Requests the Secretary-General to include in his reports to the Council on country-specific situations more comprehensive and detailed information relating to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including on protection-related incidents and actions taken by parties to armed conflict to implement their obligations to respect and protect the civilian population, including information specific to the protection needs of refugees, internally displaced persons, women, children and other vulnerable groups; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 32 | Protection benchmarks | Stresses the importance of achievable and realistic targets against which the progress of United Nations peacekeeping operations can be measured; requests the Secretary-General to continue reporting to the Council every 90 days on progress made towards implementing [the mission]’s mandate across [the affected region], including on progress towards and obstacles to the implementation of the [protection] strategy …, also including an assessment of progress against the benchmarks set out in … the report of the Secretary-General … | S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 8 | See also, for example, S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 6 | [S]tresses the importance of including indicators of progress regarding the protection of civilians in benchmarks for relevant missions; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 27 | Takes note of the commitment of the Government of [the affected country] … to assume full responsibility for the security and the protection of the civilian population in [the area affected by violence], including refugees, internally displaced persons, returnees and host communities, with a particular focus on women and children, United Nations and humanitarian personnel and assets, in accordance with its obligations under international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and underscores that in so doing, the Government [of the affected country] commits to carry out the following tasks: (i) To ensure the security and protection of civilians in danger, particularly refugees and internally displaced persons; (ii) To facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of humanitarian personnel by improving security in [the affected region]; (iii) To ensure the security and freedom of movement of [the mission’s] staff and United Nations and associated personnel; Notes also that, in this context, the Government of [the affected country] commits to work towards the achievement of the following benchmarks related to the protection of civilians and humanitarian workers, in accordance with international humanitarian law …: (i) Voluntary return and resettlement in secure and sustainable conditions of internally displaced persons; (ii) Demilitarization of refugee and internally displaced person camps as evidenced by a decrease in arms, violence and human rights abuses; (iii) Improvement in the capacity of [national] authorities in [the area affected by violence], including national law enforcement agencies, the judiciary and the prison system to provide the necessary security for refugees, internally displaced persons, civilians and humanitarian workers with respect for international human rights standards. | S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 2 and 3 | Requests the Government of [the affected country] and the Secretary-General to establish a joint Government …/UN high-level Working Group to assess on a monthly basis the situation on the ground with respect to protection of civilians, the measures adopted by the Government of [the affected country] … to progress towards meeting the [protection] benchmarks | S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 4 | Relations between the mission, the UNCT and/or other stakeholders | Recalls that the protection of civilians requires a coordinated response from all relevant mission components and encourages [the mission] to enhance interaction, under the authority of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, between its civil and military components at all levels and humanitarian actors, in order to consolidate expertise on the protection of civilians. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 8 | See also, for example, S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 16; S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 28 | Encourages [the mission] to enhance its interaction with the civilian population to raise awareness and understanding about its mandate and activities and to collect reliable information on violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses perpetrated against civilians | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 14 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that technical support is provided, in pre-deployment and in theatre, to [the mission]’s troop- and police-contributing countries to include guidance and training for military and police personnel on the protection of civilians from imminent threat and appropriate responses, including on human rights, sexual violence and gender issues. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 13 | See also, for example, S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 6; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 19. | Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with relevant actors, to ensure that peacekeeping missions with protection of civilians’ mandates, in keeping with the strategic plans that guide their deployment, conduct mission-wide planning, pre-deployment training, and senior leadership training on the protection of civilians and requests troop and police contributing countries to ensure the provision of appropriate training of their personnel participating in UN peacekeeping and other relevant missions to heighten the awareness and responsiveness to protection concerns, including training on HIV/AIDS and zero tolerance of sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping missions; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 23 | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that United Nations personnel involved in peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building activities have appropriate training in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, including child and gender-related provisions, negotiation and communication skills, cultural awareness and civilian-military coordination, and urges States and relevant international and regional organizations to ensure that appropriate training is included in their programs for personnel involved in similar activities. | S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 14 | B. Displacement | Protection of refugees and internally displaced persons, including prevention from forced displacement | Recalls the prohibition of the forcible displacement of civilians in situations of armed conflict under circumstances that are in violation of parties’ obligations under international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 12 | Urges the international community to provide support and assistance to enable States to fulfil their responsibilities regarding the protection of refugees and other persons protected under international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 13 | Notes that the overwhelming majority of internally displaced persons and other vulnerable groups in situations of armed conflict are civilians and, as such, are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under existing international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 3 | Asylum and non-refoulement | Recalling in addition the right to seek and enjoy asylum reflected in Article 14 of the Universal Declaration and the non--refoulement obligation of States under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees adopted on 28 July 1951, together with its Protocol adopted on 31 January 1967 (“the Refugees Convention and its Protocol”) and also recalling that the protections afforded by the Refugees Convention and its Protocol shall not extend to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. | S/RES/1624 (2005), pp. 7 | The Security Council reaffirms the principle of non-refoulement of refugees, as provided for in relevant instruments of international law, welcomes recent efforts of countries neighbouring [the affected State] to support the voluntary repatriation of refugees in safety and dignity, and urges those host States to continue to provide international protection to [those] refugees in need of it. It encourages the international community to provide the necessary assistance in this regard. | S/PRST/2000/12 | The Security Council is particularly concerned at the withdrawal of refugee status from and the consequent ending of assistance to many refugees from the [neighboring State]… The decisions of the [affected State] in this regard may lead to the involuntary return of tens of thousands of people to an area that is neither safe nor prepared to receive them. The Council stresses the importance of the principle of non-refoulement set out in the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, to which [the affected State] is a party. The Council urges the [affected State] to continue to provide asylum to all refugees regardless of their origin. | S/PRST/1995/49 | Civilian character of camps and settlements of refugees and internally displaced persons | Encourages [the mission] and the United Nations country team to continue to assist the Government to prevent the recruitment of refugees and children by armed groups and to maintain the civilian nature of refugee camps and internally displaced person sites, in coordination with [national security forces] and the humanitarian community. | S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 23 | See also, for example, S/RES/1834 (2008), pp. 2; S/RES/1778 (2007), pp. 12, op. 5; S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 12; S/RES/1286 (2000), op. 2; S/RES/1272 (1999), op. 12; and S/PRST/1999/32. | Calls upon all parties to armed conflicts to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, and ensure the protection of all civilians inhabiting such camps, in particular women and girls, from all forms of violence, including rape and other sexual violence, and to ensure full, unimpeded and secure humanitarian access to them. | S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 12 | Emphasizing the need to respect international refugee law, preserve the civilian and humanitarian nature of the refugee camps and internally displaced persons sites and prevent any recruitment of individuals, including children, which might be carried out in or around the camps and sites by armed groups. | S/RES/1861 (2009), pp. 13 | Reaffirms the need to maintain the security and civilian character of refugee and internally displaced person camps, stresses the primary responsibility of States in this regard, and encourages the Secretary-General where necessary and in the context of existing peacekeeping operations and their respective mandates, to take all feasible measures to ensure security in and around such camps and of their inhabitants. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 14 | Invites the Secretary-General to bring to its attention situations where refugees and internally displaced persons are vulnerable to the threat of harassment or where their camps are vulnerable to infiltration by armed elements and where such situations may constitute a threat to international peace and security, expresses, in this regard, its willingness to consider such situations and, where necessary, adopt appropriate steps to help create a secure environment for civilians endangered by conflicts, including by providing support to States concerned in this regard. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 14 | Notes that a range of measures by the international community are needed to share the burden borne by African States hosting refugees and to support their efforts to ensure the security and civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, including in the areas of law enforcement, disarmament of armed elements, curtailment of the flow of arms in refugee camps and settlements, separation of refugees from other persons who do not qualify for international protection afforded refugees or otherwise do not require international protection, and demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. | S/RES/1208 (1998), op. 6 | Durable solutions, including safe, voluntary and dignified return and reintegration | Stresses the importance of achieving dignified and durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons, and of ensuring their full participation in the planning and management of these solutions, demands that all parties to the conflict in [the affected region] create the conditions conducive to allowing the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons or their local integration. | S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 15 | See also, for example, S/RES/1923 (2010), pp. 7; S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 38, op. 39; S/RES/1895 (2009), pp. 8; S/RES/1883 (2009), pp. 11; S/RES/1826 (2008), op. 8; S/RES/1812 (2008), op. 18; S/RES/1752 (2007), op. 6; S/RES/1747 (2007), op. 27; S/RES/1716 (2006), op. 9; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp. 7; S/RES/1564 (2004), op. 6; S/RES/1556 (2004), pp. 19; S/RES/1545 (2004), pp. 13; S/RES/1494 (2003), op. 15; S/RES/1272 (1999), op. 12; S/RES/1096 (1997), op. 8; and S/RES/849 (1993), op. 11. | Calling upon all parties concerned to create the conditions conducive to a voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons. | S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 9 | Welcomes the progress by the [actors involved] towards achieving dignified durable solutions for refugees living in [host country] and encourages a sustained effort with regards to the residual [affected country] refugee caseload. | S/RES/1902 (2009), op. 16 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning have regard for the special needs of women and children and include specific measures for the protection of civilians including … (iii) the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 11 | Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable rights of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict, and stresses that they have the right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions… | S/RES/1615 (2005), op. 18 | Welcomes the commitment of the parties to the right of all refugees and displaced persons freely to return to their homes of origin or to other places of their choice … in safety … and stresses the importance of facilitating the return or resettlement of refugees and displaced persons which should be gradual and orderly and carried out through progressive, coordinated programs that address the need for local security, housing and jobs. | S/RES/1088 (1996), op. 11 | Housing, land and property | Urges the signatories of the [peace agreement] to work towards a sustainable solution for the voluntary return, reinstallation, reintegration and security of displaced persons, including by addressing land tenure issues, with the support of the United Nations system, and to fulfil in this regard their commitments in accordance with the … Political Agreement and their obligations under international law. | S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 14 | The Security Council is deeply concerned that in spite of its previous requests there has been little progress on the issue of the return of [refugees from ethnic minority group] and urges [the Government] to adopt a comprehensive approach in order to facilitate the return of refugees … to their homes of origin throughout [the affected State]. It deplores the continued failure by [the affected State] to safeguard effectively their property rights, especially the situation where many of those [ethnic minority refugees] who have returned to the former sectors have been unable to regain possession of their properties. The Council calls upon [the affected State] to apply immediately proper procedures to the question of property rights and to stop all forms of discrimination against the [minority population] in the provision of social benefits and reconstruction assistance. | S/PRST/1996/48 | Reaffirms its support for the established principles that all declarations and actions made under duress, particularly those regarding land and ownership, are null and void, and that all displaced persons should be enabled to return in peace to their former homes. | S/RES/941 (1994), op. 3 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in this order of priority: Protection of civilians (g) Support the Government’s efforts, along with international partners and neighbouring countries, to create an environment conducive to the voluntary, safe and dignified return of internally displaced persons and refugees, or voluntary local integration or resettlement. | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1812 (2008), op. 8; S/RES/1778 (2007), op. 1; S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 2; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 16; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 5; S/RES/1545 (2004), op. 5(f) and op. 13; S/RES/1509 (2003), op. 6; S/RES/1419 (2002), op. 11; S/RES/1244 (1999), op. 11; and S/RES/1145 (1997), op. 13. | Decides to extend … the multidimensional presence in [the affected countries] intended to help create the security conditions conducive to a voluntary, secure and sustainable return of refugees and displaced persons, inter alia by contributing to the protection of refugees, displaced persons and civilians in danger, by facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance in [the affected region] and by creating favourable conditions for the reconstruction and economic and social development of those areas. | S/RES/1861 (2009), op. 1 | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in [the affected country], in liaison with the United Nations country team …: Security and protection of civilians … (c) To liaise with the … Government [of the affected country] and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in support of their efforts to relocate refugee camps which are in close proximity to the border, and to provide to UNHCR, on availability and cost-reimbursable basis, logistical assistance for that purpose; (e) To support the initiatives of national and local authorities in [the affected country] to resolve local tensions and promote local reconciliation efforts, in order to enhance the environment for the return of internally displaced persons. | S/RES/1861 (2009), op. 6 | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations… decides that [peacekeeping mission] shall have the following mandate: … (b) to monitor and report on the human rights situation, in cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, including on the situation of returned refugees and displaced persons. | S/RES/1542 (2004), op. 7 (III)(b) | Recalls that the [opposition group] bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and requests further measures to be undertaken [by United Nations agencies] to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, … to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions. | S/RES/1494 (2003), op. 15 | C. Humanitarian access and safety and security of humanitarian workers | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, attacks against humanitarian workers and the wilful impediment of humanitarian access | Concerned at armed activities and banditry in [the affected countries] which threaten the security of the civilian population, the conduct of humanitarian operations in those areas and the stability of those countries, and which result in serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1923 (2010), pp. 4 | See also, for example, S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 10; S/RES/1917 (2010), pp. 15; S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 6; S/RES/1872 (2009), pp. 11; S/RES/1840 (2008), op. 16; S/RES/1828 (2008), pp. 12, op. 8; S/RES/1780 (2007), op. 3; S/RES/1769 (2007), pp. 13, and op. 14; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 8 and op. 9. | Reiterating its serious concern at the worsening humanitarian situation in [the affected country], strongly condemning the targeting and obstruction of the delivery of humanitarian aid by armed groups in [the affected country], which has prevented the delivery of such aid in some areas, deploring the repeated attacks on humanitarian personnel, expressing its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians and humanitarian personnel, in violation of international humanitarian law and human rights law, and reaffirming the importance of the fight against impunity. | S/RES/1910 (2010), pp. 14 | [C]ondemning all attacks against United Nations peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, regardless of their perpetrators, and emphasizing that those responsible for such attacks must be brought to justice. | S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 14 | Condemns any attack against personnel or facilities from [the mission] and demands that no acts of intimidation or violence be directed against the United Nations and associated personnel or facilities or other actors engaged in humanitarian, development or peacekeeping work. | S/RES/1892 (2009), op. 14 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law | Reaffirms the obligation of all parties to implement fully the rules and principles of international humanitarian law, particularly those regarding the protection of humanitarian personnel, and furthermore requests all the parties involved to provide humanitarian personnel with immediate, free and unimpeded access to all persons in need of assistance, in accordance with applicable international law. | S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 22 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 3; S/RES/1814 (2008), op. 12; S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 17; S/RES/1778 (2007), op. 17; S/RES/1769 (2007), op. 14; S/RES/1747 (2007), op. 24; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 8, op. 22; S/RES/1574 (2004), op. 11; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 20, op. 21; S/RES/1545 (2004), op. 12; S/RES/1533 (2004), op. 5; S/RES/1509 (2003), pp. 6, op. 8; S/RES/1502 (2003), op. 4; S/RES/1497 (2003), op. 11; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 12; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 12 and op. 15; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 7, op. 8 and op. 9. | Stresses the importance for all, within the framework of humanitarian assistance, of upholding and respecting the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 13 | Calls for the unimpeded provision and distribution throughout [the affected territory] of humanitarian assistance, including of food, fuel and medical treatment. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op. 2 | Welcomes the initiatives aimed at creating and opening humanitarian corridors and other mechanisms for the sustained delivery of humanitarian aid. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op. 3 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning … include specific measures for the protection of civilians including … the facilitation of the provision of humanitarian assistance. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 11 | Urges all those concerned as set forth in international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Regulations, to allow full and unimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to civilians in need of assistance in situations of armed conflict, and to make available, as far as possible, all necessary facilities for their operations, and to promote the safety, security and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel and their assets. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 22 | Calls upon all Member States to ensure the free, unhindered and expeditious movement to [the affected State] of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and other goods, including vehicles and spare parts, which are for the exclusive and official use of [peacekeeping operation]. | S/RES/1590 (2005), op. 8 | Calls on [the affected State to facilitate] international relief for the humanitarian disaster by means of a moratorium on all restrictions that might hinder the provision of humanitarian assistance and access to affected populations. | S/RES/1556 (2004), op. 1 | Underlines the importance of safe and unimpeded access of humanitarian personnel to civilians in armed conflicts, calls upon the parties concerned, including neighboring States, to cooperate fully with the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator and United Nations agencies in providing such access, invites States and the Secretary-General to bring to its attention information regarding the deliberate denial of such access in violation of international law, where such denial may constitute a threat to international peace and security, and, in this regard, expresses its willingness to consider such information and, when necessary, to adopt appropriate steps. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 8 | Expresses its intention, where appropriate, to call upon the parties to a conflict to make special arrangements to meet the protection and assistance requirements of women, children and other vulnerable groups, including through the promotion of “days of immunization” and other opportunities for the safe and unhindered delivery of basic necessary services. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 10 | Humanitarian assistance and preparedness | [N]oting the importance of contingency planning. | S/RES/1933 (2010), pp. 6 | See also, for example, S/RES/1883 (2009), pp. 0 | Stressing the ongoing importance of providing humanitarian and development assistance to the civilian populations throughout [the affected country], encouraging comprehensive preparedness efforts by the United Nations … including the need for increased humanitarian and development assistance … and the need for continued cooperation among the [parties to the peace agreement], the United Nations and humanitarian organizations and urging donors to support implementation of the [peace agreement] and to honour all pledges of financial and material support. | S/RES/1919 (2010), pp. 13 | Expressing its concern at the significant decline in humanitarian funding for [the affected country] and calling on all Member States to contribute to current and future consolidated humanitarian appeals. | S/RES/1910 (2010), pp. 15 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Expresses its intention to: (a) Call on parties to armed conflict to comply with the obligations applicable to them under international humanitarian law to take all required steps to protect civilians and to facilitate the rapid and unimpeded passage of relief consignments, equipment and personnel, (b) Mandate UN peacekeeping and other relevant missions, where appropriate, to assist in creating conditions conducive to safe, timely and unimpeded humanitarian assistance, | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 15 | See also, for example S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 16; S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 12, op. 14; S/RES/1772 (2007), op. 9(d); S/RES/1778 (2007), op. 6; S/RES/1769 (2007), op. 15; S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 2; S/RES/1701 (2006), op. 12; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 16; S/RES/1590 (2005), op. 16; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 4 and op. 5; S/RES/1542 (2004), op. 9; S/RES/1528 (2004), op. 6; S/RES/1509 (2003), op. 3(k); S/RES/1502 (2003), op. 5(a); S/RES/1492 (2003), op. 25; S/RES/1289 (2000), op. 12; and S/RES/1270 (1999), op. 14. | Invites the Secretary-General to continue the systematic monitoring and analysis of constraints on humanitarian access, to include as appropriate observations and recommendations in his briefings and country-specific reports to the Council; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 17 | [U]nderlines, in particular, that [the mission] is authorized to take all necessary measures to provide security for key infrastructure and to contribute, as may be requested and within its capabilities and existing mandate, to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance. | S/RES/1863 (2009), op. 2 | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, (a) Decides further that [the mission] shall be authorized to take all necessary measures, within its capabilities and its area of operations …, to fulfil the following functions, in liaison with the Government of [the affected country]: (ii) To facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of humanitarian personnel by helping to improve security in the area of operations. | S/RES/1861 (2009), op. 7 | Reiterates its support for the contribution made by some States to protect the World Food Programme maritime convoys, calls upon States and regional organizations, in close coordination with each other and as notified in advance to the Secretary-General, and at the request of [the Government], to take action to protect shipping involved with the transportation and delivery of humanitarian aid … and United Nations-authorized activities, calls upon [regional peacekeeping mission] troop-contributing countries, as appropriate, to provide support to this end, and requests the Secretary-General to provide his support to this effect. | S/RES/1814 (2008), op. 11 | Accountability for attacks against humanitarian workers | [C]ondemning all attacks against United Nations peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, regardless of their perpetrators, and emphasizing that those responsible for such attacks must be brought to justice. | S/RES/1925 (2010), pp. 14 | See also, for example, S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 23; S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 10. | Emphasizing that there are existing prohibitions under international law against attacks knowingly and intentionally directed against personnel involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission undertaken in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations which in situations of armed conflicts constitute war crimes, and recalling the need for States to end impunity for such criminal acts. | S/RES/1502 (2003), pp. 5 | Expresses its strong condemnation of all forms of violence, including, inter alia, murder, rape and sexual assault, intimidation, armed robbery, abduction, hostage-taking, kidnapping, harassment and illegal arrest and detention to which those participating in humanitarian operations are increasingly exposed, as well as attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of their property; Urges States to ensure that crimes against such personnel do not remain unpunished. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op. 1 and op. 2 | Expresses its determination to take appropriate steps in order to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel, including, inter alia, by: (a) Requesting the Secretary-General to seek the inclusion of, and that host countries include, key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, among others, those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of United Nations operations, the establishment of such attacks as crimes punishable by law and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-missions and host country agreements negotiated between the United Nations and those countries, mindful of the importance of the timely conclusion of such agreements. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op. 5(a) | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to the wilful impediment of humanitarian access and to attacks against humanitarian workers | Decides that the provisions [relating to travel bans and freezing of assets and economic resources] shall apply to individuals [and] entities, designated by the [Sanctions Committee] … (c) as obstructing the delivery of humanitarian assistance to [the affected State], or access to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance in [the affected State]. | S/RES/1844 (2008), op. 8 | See also, for example, S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 4 and op. 17; S/RES/1727 (2006), op. 12; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 5; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 10. | Expresses its determination to take appropriate steps in order to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel, including, inter alia, by: … (b) Encouraging the Secretary-General, in accordance with his prerogatives under the Charter of the United Nations, to bring to the attention of the Security Council situations in which humanitarian assistance is denied as a consequence of violence directed against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op. 5(b) | D. Conduct of hostilities | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Expressing deep concern at the deterioration in the security situation in [the affected region], including ceasefire violations, attacks by rebel groups, aerial bombardment by the Government …, increased inter-tribal fighting, and attacks on humanitarian personnel and peacekeepers, which have restricted humanitarian access to conflict areas where vulnerable civilian populations reside … and calling on all parties to cease hostilities and urgently facilitate humanitarian access, | S/RES/1935 (2010), pp. 11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1868 (2009), op. 12; S/RES/1806 (2008), op. 12; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 26; S/RES/1574 (2004), op. 11; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 2 and op. 5. | Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, including Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attacks, suicide attacks and abductions, targeting civilians and [members of the armed forces] and their deleterious effect on the stabilization, reconstruction and development efforts in [the affected country], and condemning further the use by the [illegal armed] groups of civilians as human shields. | S/RES/1890 (2009), pp. 13 | Condemns all violence and hostilities directed against civilians and all acts of terrorism. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op. 5 | [Demands] an end to attacks on civilians, from any quarter, including by aerial bombing, and the use of civilians as human shields. | S/RES/1828 (2008), pp. 13 | Recalls that deliberately targeting civilians and other protected persons as such in situations of armed conflict is a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law, reiterates its condemnation in the strongest terms of such practices, and demands that all parties immediately put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 3 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | [C]alls on [armed forces] to continue to take robust efforts [to minimize the risk of civilian casualties], notably by the continuous review of tactics and procedures and the conduct of after-action reviews and investigations in cooperation with the Government [of the affected country] in cases where civilian casualties have occurred and when the Government [of the affected country] finds these joint investigations appropriate; | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 20 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), pp. 13; S/RES/1806 (2008), op. 13; S/RES/1801 (2008), op. 13; S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 7; S/RES/1776 (2007), pp. 11; S/RES/1574 (2004), op. 11; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp. 10; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 4. | Reiterates … that the support of [the mission] to [the] military operations against … armed groups is strictly conditioned on [the] compliance [of the armed forces] with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and on an effective joint planning of these operations, decides that [the mission] military leadership shall confirm, prior to providing any support to such operations that sufficient joint planning has been undertaken, especially regarding the protection of the civilian population, calls upon [the mission] to intercede with the [armed forces] command if elements of an … unit receiving [the mission]’s support are suspected of having committed grave violations of such laws, and if the situation persists, calls upon [the mission] to withdraw support from these … units. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 22 | Recognizing additional efforts taken by [armed forces] to minimize the risk of civilian casualties, welcoming their intention to undertake continued enhanced efforts in this regard including the increased focus on protecting the [civilian] population as a central element of the mission, and noting the importance of conducting continuous reviews of tactics and procedures and after-action reviews and investigations in cooperation with the Government [of the affected country] in cases where civilian casualties have occurred and when the Government [of the affected country] finds these joint investigations appropriate. | S/RES/1890 (2009), pp. 16 | [S]tresses the responsibility of all parties and armed groups in [the affected State] to take appropriate steps to protect the civilian population…, consistent with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular by avoiding any indiscriminate attacks on populated areas. | S/RES/1814 (2008), op. 17 | Affirming the importance for all parties, including foreign forces, promoting the maintenance of security and stability in [the affected State] to act in accordance with international law, including relevant obligations under international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, and to cooperate with the relevant international organizations … and underscoring that all parties, including foreign forces, should take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of affected civilians. | S/RES/1790 (2007), pp. 18 | Demands that all parties concerned comply strictly with their obligations under international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular those contained in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as the decisions of the Security Council. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 6 | E. Small arms and light weapons, mines and explosive remnants of war | Condemnation of illicit trade and supply of small arms | Condemning the continuing illicit flow of weapons within and into the [affected state] in violation of resolutions [prescribing sanctions], declaring its determination to continue to monitor closely the implementation of the arms embargo and other measures set out by its resolutions concerning the [affected state], | S/RES/1896 (2009), pp. 13 | See also, for example, S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 15; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 21; S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 17. | Notes that the excessive accumulation and destabilizing effect of small arms and light weapons pose a considerable impediment to the provision of humanitarian assistance and have a potential to exacerbate and prolong conflicts, endanger civilians and undermine security and the confidence required for a return to peace and stability …. | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 29 | Recognizes the deleterious impact of the proliferation of arms, in particular small arms, on the security of civilians, including refugees and other vulnerable populations, particularly children, and, in this regard, recalls resolution 1209 (1998) of 19 November 1998 | S/RES/1261 (1999), op. 14 | Call for compliance with international measures on small arms | Urges Members States, in accordance with the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Lights Weapons to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, to take effective action through, inter alia, conflict resolution and the development and implementation of national legislation, in a manner which is consistent with existing responsibilities of States under relevant international law, to control the illicit trade of small arms to parties in armed conflict that do not respect fully the relevant provisions of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1460 (2003), op. 7 | See also, for example, S/RES/1209 (1998), op. 3. | Calls for effective international action to prevent the illegal flow of small arms into areas of conflict. | S/RES/1318 (2000), op. VI (para. 1) | Stresses the importance of all Member States, and in particular States involved in manufacturing and marketing of weapons, restricting arms transfers which could provoke or prolong armed conflicts or aggravate existing tensions or armed conflicts … | S/RES/1209 (1998), op. 3 | [S]tresses the need to implement the United Nations Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects and the international instrument to enable States to identify and trace, in a timely manner, illicit small arms and light weapons, in order to make real progress in preventing, combating and eradicating the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. In particular, States are encouraged to strengthen physical security and stockpile management, destroy surplus and obsolete small arms and light weapons, ensure all small arms and light weapons are marked at the time of manufacture and import, and strengthen export and border controls and control brokering activities. | S/PRST/2007/24 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping missions and other relevant actors in preventing the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Expresses deep concern over the persistent localized conflicts and violence and their effect on civilians, and the proliferation of arms, in particular small arms, and, in this regard, requests [the mission] to continue to support local conflict resolution mechanisms and to monitor whether any arms or related material are present in [the affected region] … | S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 17 | Recognizes the detrimental impact of the proliferation of arms, in particular small arms, on the security of civilians by fuelling armed conflict, encourages [the mission] to continue its efforts in providing assistance to the Government of [the affected area] with regard to the civilian disarmament process, in particular by strengthening the capacity of local authorities to deter inter-communal conflicts and by monitoring forced civilian disarmament initiatives in an effort to avert disarmament operations that could exacerbate insecurity in [the affected area]. | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 15 | Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the … Government in developing the transitional security institutions, including the …Police Force and the National Security Force, and further requests the Secretary-General to support the … Government in developing a national security strategy including plans for combating illicit arms trafficking, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), justice and corrections capacities. | S/RES/1872 (2009), op. 9 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will have the mandate, within the limits of its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to assist [the affected State] in establishing a stable security environment in the country, and, to that end, to: … (h) Seize or collect, as appropriate, the arms and any related materiel whose presence in the territory of [the affected State] violates the measures imposed by [resolution imposing an arms embargo], and to dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 2(h) | Decides that the mandate of [peacekeeping mission] … shall be the following: … (m) To monitor the implementation of the measures imposed by [resolution], in cooperation with the Group of Experts … and, as appropriate, with the [peacekeeping missions in neighbouring States] and Governments concerned, including by inspecting, as they deem it necessary and without notice, the cargo of aircraft and of any transport vehicle using the ports, airports, airfields, military bases and border crossings of [affected State]; (n) To collect, as appropriate, arms and any related materiel brought into [the affected State] in violation of the measures imposed by [resolution], and to dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate. | S/RES/1609 (2005), op. 2 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Decides that all Member States shall immediately take the necessary measures to prevent the sale or supply to [the affected State] by their nationals or from their territories or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical assistance, training, financial and other assistance, related to the military activities or to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of these items, whether or not originating in their territories; | S/RES/1907 (2009), op. 5 | See also for example S/RES/1521 (2003), op. 2 a), S/RES/1907, op. 12 | Decides that all States shall take the measures as previously imposed by [the Security Council’s sanction resolutions on certain illegal armed groups] and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them …: (c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer to these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities from their territories or by their nationals outside their territories, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical advice, assistance, or training related to military activities; | S/RES/1904 (2009), op. 1 | [R]eaffirms its intention to consider imposing, through country-specific resolutions, targeted and graduated measures, such as, inter alia, a ban on the export and supply of small arms and light weapons and of other military equipment and on military assistance, against parties to situations of armed conflict which are on the Security Council’s agenda and are in violation of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 9 | Expresses its intention to consider taking appropriate steps, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to address the linkages between armed conflict and terrorism, the illicit trade in precious minerals, the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons, and other criminal activities, which can prolong armed conflict or intensify its impact on civilian populations, including children. | S/RES/1379 (2001), op. 6 | International and regional cooperation in preventing the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Urges that all parties and all States, particularly those in the region, including international, regional and subregional organizations, cooperate fully with the work of the Monitoring Group [on the arm embargo] and ensure the safety of its members, and unhindered access, in particular to persons, documents and sites the Monitoring Group deems relevant to the execution of its mandate; | S/RES/1916 (2010), op. 12 | Calls upon all Member States to inspect, in their territory, including seaports and airports, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, all cargo to and from [the affected States], if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, transfer, or export of which is prohibited [by Security Council resolutions]. | S/RES/1907 (2009), op. 7 | Requests the Governments of the [affected State] and of all States, particularly those in the region, the United Nations Organization Mission in the [affected State] and the Group of Experts to cooperate intensively, including by exchanging information regarding arms shipments, trading routes and strategic mines known to be controlled or used by armed groups, flights from the … region to the [affected State] and from the [affected State] to the … region, the illegal exploitation and trafficking in natural resources, and activities of individuals and entities designated by the [Sanction] Committee pursuant to paragraph 4 of resolution 1857 (2008); | S/RES/1896 (2009), op. 10 | Further demands that all parties and all States ensure cooperation with the Group of Experts by individuals and entities within their jurisdiction or under their control, and requests in this regard all States to identify a focal point to the Committee in order to enhance cooperation and information sharing with the Group of Experts; | S/RES/1896 (2009), op. 12 | Calls upon the countries of the region to reinforce their cooperation with the Security Council’s Committee and with the Group of Experts … in enforcing the arms embargo in [the affected State] and to combat cross-border trafficking of illicit small arms, light weapons and illicit natural resources as well as the movement of combatants, and reiterates its demand that [States in the region] take measures to prevent the use of their respective territories in support of the activities of armed groups present in the region. | S/RES/1653 (2006), op. 16 | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that his [Special Representatives for neighbouring countries] coordinate the activities of [their respective missions], share military information at their disposal, in particular concerning cross-border movements of armed elements and arms trafficking, and pool their logistic and administrative resources, to an extent that does not affect the ability to carry out their respective mandates, in order to maximize efficiency and cost-effectiveness. | S/RES/1545 (2004), op. 20 | Mine action and explosive remnants of war | Welcomes the achievements to date in the implementation of the Mine Action Programme of [the affected country], and encourages the Government of [the affected country], with the support of the United Nations and all the relevant actors, to continue its efforts towards the removal of anti-personnel landmines, anti-tank landmines and explosive remnants of war in order to reduce the threats posed to human life and peace and security in the country; and expresses the need to provide assistance for the care, rehabilitation, and economic and social reintegration of victims, including persons with disabilities. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 19 | [C]alls on parties to armed conflict to take all feasible precautions to protect the civilian population, including children, from the effects of landmines and other explosive remnants of war, and in this regard, encourages the international community to support country efforts in clearing landmines and other explosive remnants of war and to provide assistance for the care, rehabilitation and economic and social reintegration of victims, including persons with disabilities; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 29 | Expressing also concern with the serious threat that anti-personnel mines, remnants of war and improvised explosive devices may pose to the civilian population, and stressing the need to refrain from the use of weapons and devices prohibited by international law. | S/RES/1868 (2009), pp. 18 | Welcomes the continued contribution of [peacekeeping mission] to operational de-mining…, encourages further assistance in mine action by the United Nations to [the affected State] in support of both the continued development of its national mine action capacity and emergency de-mining activities … commends donor countries for supporting these efforts through financial and in-kind contributions and encourages further international contributions, takes note of the communication to [the affected State] and [peacekeeping mission] of maps and information on the location of mines and stresses the necessity to provide [the affected State] and [peacekeeping mission] with any additional maps and records on the location of mines. | S/RES/1525 (2004), op. 9 | The Security Council expresses deepest worry at the presence in very high numbers of unexploded ordnance in [region of the affected country], including cluster munitions. It deplores the death and injury of dozens of civilians, as well as of several de-miners, caused by those munitions since the cessation of hostilities. It supports in this context the Secretary-General’s request to [party to conflict] to provide to the United Nations detailed data on its use of cluster munitions in [territory of the affected State]. | S/PRST/2007/12 | F. Compliance, accountability and the rule of law | Dissemination of, and training on, international humanitarian law and human rights law standards | Reiterates its call on States that have not already done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the relevant instruments of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and to take appropriate legislative, judicial and administrative measures to implement their obligations under these instruments; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 5 | See also, for example, S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 5 and pp. 8 | Calls upon all parties concerned, (a) to ensure the widest possible dissemination of information about international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law; (b) to provide training for public officials, members of armed forces and armed groups, personnel associated to armed forces, civilian police and law enforcement personnel, and members of the judicial and legal professions; and to raise awareness among civil society and the civilian population on relevant international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, as well as on the protection, special needs and human rights of women and children in conflict situations, to achieve full and effective compliance; (d) to seek, where appropriate, support from United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, as well as United Nations Country Teams and the International Committee of the Red Cross and, where appropriate, other members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, on training and awareness raising on international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 7 | Promoting compliance through targeted and graduated measures | Underlines that it is fully prepared to impose targeted measures against persons to be designated by the [sanction] Committee who are determined to be, among other things: … (d) Responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed in [the affected country]; (e) Inciting publicly hatred and violence; … | S/RES/1893 (2009), op. 20 | See also, for example, S/RES/1727 (2006), op. 12. | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. Decides that [these] provisions shall apply to … individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction and forced displacement. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op. 9, 11, and 13(d) and (e) | Decides … that those individuals … who … commit violations of international humanitarian or human rights law or other atrocities … shall be subject to the [following] measures: that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent entry into or transit through their territories of all persons as designated by [the Sanctions Committee]…, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall obligate a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals; that all States shall freeze all funds, financial assets and economic resources that are on their territories on the date of adoption of this resolution or at any time thereafter, that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons or by persons acting on their behalf or at their direction, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. | S/RES/1591 (2005), op. 3(c) | Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures, for a period of twelve months, to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons … who constitute a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process in [the affected State], [including] any other person determined as responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law… provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals. | S/RES/1572 (2004), op. 9 | Accountability | [U]rges the Government of the [affected country] to ensure the full implementation of its “zero-tolerance policy” with respect to discipline and human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, committed by elements of the [armed forces] and further urges that all reports of such violations be thoroughly investigated, with the support of [the mission], and that all those responsible be brought to justice through a robust and independent process. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 8; S/RES/1902 (2009), pp. 11, op. 18; S/RES/1863 (2009), pp. 10; S/RES/1828 (2008), pp. 8; S/RES/1826 (2008), pp. 9; S/RES/1816 (2008), op. 16; S/RES/1769 (2007), pp. 12; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 8, op. 11; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp. 5; S/RES/1577 (2004), op. 2; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 19; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp. 9 and op. 7; S/RES/1556 (2004), pp. 10 and op. 6; S/RES/1479 (2003), op. 8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 17; S/RES/1291 (2000), op. 15; S/RES/1289 (2000), op. 17. | Affirms its strong opposition to impunity for serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law and emphasizes in this context the responsibility of States to comply with their relevant obligations to end impunity and to thoroughly investigate and prosecute persons responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity or other serious violations of international humanitarian law in order to prevent violations, avoid their recurrence and seek sustainable peace, justice, truth and reconciliation; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 10 | Reaffirms that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past abuses committed against civilians affected by armed conflict and to prevent future such abuses | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 7 | Recalling the responsibilities of States to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against civilians, and in this regard, noting with concern that only limited numbers of perpetrators of sexual violence have been brought to justice, while recognizing that in conflict and in post conflict situations national justice systems may be significantly weakened. | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 7 | Reiterates its call upon the [national] authorities to put an end to impunity, including by bringing to justice without delay perpetrators of grave violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law, and to take into account when they select candidates for official positions, including key posts in the armed forces, national police and other security services, the candidates’ past actions in terms of respect for international humanitarian law and human rights. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 12 | Strongly condemns the acts of violence systematically perpetrated against civilians, including the massacres, as well as other atrocities and violations of international humanitarian law and human rights, in particular, sexual violence against women and girls, stresses the need to bring to justice those responsible, including those at the command level, and urges all parties, including the [the affected State], to take all necessary steps to prevent further violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, in particular those committed against civilians. | S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8 | Reaffirms that all parties to the conflict are bound to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and in particular the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and that persons who commit or order the commission of grave breaches of the Conventions are individually responsible in respect of such breaches. | S/RES/1193 (1998), op. 12 | Establishment of ad hoc judicial mechanisms and commissions of inquiry | Recalls that accountability for … serious crimes must be ensured by taking measures at the national level, and by enhancing international cooperation in support of national mechanisms, draws attention to the full range of justice and reconciliation mechanisms to be considered, including national, international and “mixed” criminal courts and tribunals, and truth and reconciliation commissions, as well as national reparation programs for victims and institutional reforms; and underlines the Security Council’s role in ending impunity; | S/RES/1894 (2009), op. 11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1902 (2009), op. 17; S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 8; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 6 | Recognizing the importance of transitional justice in promoting lasting reconciliation among all the people of [the affected state] and welcoming the process of national consultations on the establishment of transitional justice mechanisms …. | S/RES/1902 (2009), pp. 9 | Requests that the Secretary-General rapidly establish an international commission of inquiry in order immediately to investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law … by all parties, to determine also whether or not acts of genocide have occurred, and to identify the perpetrators of such violations with a view to ensuring that those responsible are held accountable, calls on all parties to cooperate fully with such a commission. | S/RES/1564 (2004), op. 12 | Emphasizes the responsibility of States to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law, affirms the possibility, to this end, of using the International Fact-Finding Commission established by Article 90 of the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions. | S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 6 | Decides hereby, having received the request of [the affected State], to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory [of the affected State] and citizens [of the affected State] responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighboring States, between [dates]. | S/RES/955 (1994), op. 1 | Decides hereby to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of [the affected State] between [dates]. | S/RES/827 (1993), op. 2 | Referral of situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes to the International Criminal Court | Welcoming the commitments made by the Government of the [affected country] to hold accountable those responsible for atrocities in the country, noting the cooperation of the Government of [the affected country] with the International Criminal Court, and stressing the importance of actively seeking to hold accountable those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the country and of regional cooperation to this end. | S/RES/1925 (2010), pp. 12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 10 | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, Decides to refer the situation … to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court; Decides that [the affected State] and all other parties to the conflict … shall cooperate fully with and provide any necessary assistance to the Court and the Prosecutor pursuant to this resolution and, while recognizing that States not party to the Rome Statute have no obligation under the Statute, urges all States and concerned regional and other international organizations to cooperate fully; Invites the Court and [relevant regional organization] to discuss practical arrangements that will facilitate the work of the Prosecutor and of the Court, including the possibility of conducting proceedings in the region, which would contribute to regional efforts in the fight against impunity; | S/RES/1593 (2005), op. 1-3 | Restoration of the rule of law | Welcomes the steps taken towards the reform of rule of law institutions, requests [the mission] to continue to provide necessary support in this regard, and encourages the … authorities [of the affected country] to take full advantage of that support, notably in modernizing key legislation and in the implementation of the justice reform plan, to take the necessary steps, including nominations, that will allow superior judicial institutions to function adequately, and to address the issue of prolonged pretrial detentions and prison overcrowding, with special regard to children. | S/RES/1892 (2009), op. 15 | See also, for example, S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 33; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 3; S/RES/1896 (2009), pp. 11; S/RES/1892 (2009), pp. 7, pp. 9 and pp. 16; S/RES/1868 (2009), pp. 5 and op. 23 | Stressing in this context the importance of further progress by the Government [of the affected country] in ending impunity and strengthening judicial institutions, the rule of law and respect for human rights within [the affected country], including for women and girls and in the reconstruction and reform of the prison sector in [the affected country]. | S/RES/1890 (2009), pp. 18 | [I]nvites [the affected State], with the assistance of the international community, to continue to work towards the establishment of a fair and transparent justice system, including the reconstruction and reform of the correctional system, in order to strengthen the rule of law throughout the country and eliminate impunity. | S/RES/1746 (2007), op. 13 | Urging [the affected State] to undertake, in coordination with the international community, a comprehensive reform of the police, judiciary and correctional systems, to protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to end impunity. | S/RES/1702 (2006), pp. 9 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning … include specific measures for the protection of civilians including the re-establishment of the rule of law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 11 | Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration | [S]tressing … the urgency of implementing comprehensive security sector reform and of achieving as appropriate the disarmament, demobilization, reintegration (DDR) of [national] armed groups, and the disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement and reintegration (DDRRR) of foreign armed groups for the long-term stabilization of the [affected country], considering the need to create the security conditions for ensuring sustainable economic development, and stressing the importance of the contribution made by international partners in these fields. | S/RES/1925 (2010), pp. 4 | [S]tressing the importance of permanently disarming, demobilizing, resettling or repatriating, as appropriate, and reintegrating [national] and foreign armed groups for the long-term stabilization of the [affected country], and of the contribution made by international partners in this field. | S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 3 | [U]rges the … parties to make further progress to advance the reunification and disarmament processes, and encourages the international donors to continue to provide their support to them, as appropriate. | S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 13 | Security sector reform | Reiterates the importance of increasing, in a comprehensive framework, the functionality, professionalism and accountability of the [affected country’s] security sector through appropriate vetting procedures, training, mentoring, equipping and empowerment efforts, for both women and men, in order to accelerate progress towards the goal of self-sufficient and ethnically balanced [affected country’s] security forces providing security and ensuring the rule of law throughout the country. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 23 | See also, for example, S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 5; S/RES/1906 (2009), pp. 3. op. 3 and op. 4; S/RES/1896 (2009), pp. 10; S/RES/1872 (2009), pp. 9 | Requests the Secretary-General to continue … to support the Government [of the affected country] in developing a national security strategy, which reflects respect for the rule of law and the protection of human rights, including … the legal and policy framework for the operation of its security forces including governance, vetting and oversight mechanisms. | S/RES/1910 (2010), op. 12 | Reiterates its call upon the … authorities [of the affected state], with the support of [the mission], to establish an effective vetting mechanism, in accordance with international standards, for the [armed forces] and the national security forces, to ensure the exclusion of those persons associated with violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses and to trigger the judicial process against such persons where appropriate. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 32 | Underscores the importance of security sector reform and urges all international partners … to support the Government…’s efforts to professionalize and enhance the capacity of the national security services and the police, in particular in the fields of training on human rights and sexual and gender-based violence. | S/RES/1902 (2009), op. 14 | Calls on the … Government to develop … the legal and policy framework for the operation of its security forces including governance, vetting and oversight mechanisms, ensuring respect for the rule of law and the protection of human rights. | S/RES/1872 (2009), op. 10 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping missions and other relevant actors in restoring the rule of law and promoting accountability | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in this order of priority: Protection of civilians (c) Support the efforts of the Government of the [affected country] to ensure the protection of civilians from violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses, including all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, to promote and protect human rights and to fight impunity, including through the implementation of the Government’s “zero-tolerance policy” with respect to discipline and human rights and humanitarian law violations, committed by elements of the security forces, in particular its newly integrated elements; (d) Support national and international efforts to bring perpetrators to justice, including by establishing Prosecution Support Cells to assist the … military justice authorities in prosecuting persons arrested by the [military forces]; … Stabilization and peace consolidation (l) Taking fully into account the leading role of the Government of the [affected country], support, in close cooperation with other international partners, the efforts of the [national] authorities to strengthen and reform security and judicial institutions; (o) Develop and implement, in close consultation with the [national] authorities …, a multi-year joint United Nations justice support programme in order to develop the criminal justice chain, the police, the judiciary and prisons in conflict-affected areas and a strategic programmatic support at the central level …. (p) Support, in close cooperation with other international partners, the efforts by the Government [of the affected country] to consolidate State authority in the territory freed from armed groups through the deployment of trained [national police forces], and to develop rule of law institutions and territorial administration … | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 8; S/RES/1927 (2010), op. 6; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 39; S/RES/1892 (2009), op. 10; S/RES/1890 (2009), op. 6; S/RES/1872 (2009), op. 9; S/RES/1868 (2009), op. 4; S/RES/1756 (2007), op. 3; S/RES/1589 (2005), op. 9; S/RES/1564 (2004), op. 9; S/RES/1547 (2004), op. 4; and S/RES/1528 (2004), op. 6. | Requests [the mission] to continue to contribute … to the promotion and protection of human rights in [the affected country], with special attention to violence committed against children and women, to monitor and help investigate human rights violations with a view to ending impunity …, and further requests the Secretary-General to continue to include in his reports to the Security Council relevant information on progress in this area. | S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 26 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission], consistent with its existing mandate … [will] assist with the restructuring and maintenance of the rule of law, public safety and public order, will provide assistance and advice to the [national authorities], in consultation with relevant actors, in monitoring, restructuring, reforming and strengthening of the justice sector, including through technical assistance to review all relevant legislation, the provision of experts to serve as professional resources, the rapid identification and implementation of mechanisms to address prison overcrowding and prolonged pre-trial detention and the coordination and planning of these activities, and invites [the affected State] to take full advantage of that assistance. | S/RES/1702 (2006), op. 14 | Underlines the importance of civilian police as a component of peacekeeping operations, recognizes the role of police in assuring the safety and well-being of civilians and, in this regard, acknowledges the need to enhance the capacity of the United Nations for the rapid deployment of qualified and well-trained civilian police. | S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 15 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping missions and other relevant actors in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes and in Security Sector Reforms | Decides that (…) [the mission] shall have the following mandate …: (k) Reform of the security sector – To advise the Government …, as appropriate, on security sector reform and the organization of the future National Army, including on establishing an effective vetting mechanism, in accordance with international standards, – To contribute, as appropriate, to the development by the Ivorian authorities of the capacities of the police and gendarmerie, in particular through crowd control training, and to restoring their presence throughout [the affected country]. | S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 16 | See also, for example, S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 27 | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate in this order of priority: (i) Support, including through its political mediation efforts, the completion of activities of DDR of [national] armed groups or their effective integration in the army, which would remain subject to prior adequate training and equipment; (j) Support activities of DDRRR of foreign armed groups members … (m) In line with the relevant legislation on the reform of the [national armed forces] …, assist the Government, along with international and bilateral partners, in strengthening its military capacity, including military justice and military police, in particular by harmonizing efforts and facilitating exchanges of information and lessons learned and, as the Government requests it, assist in the training of [national armed forces] and military police battalions, support military justice institutions and mobilize donors to provide equipment and other required resources; (n) Support the reform of the police led by the Government of the [affected country], including by providing training to battalions of the … national police and mobilizing donors to provide basic supplies, recalling the urgent need for the … authorities to adopt the appropriate legal framework; | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | Encourages [the mission] to work closely with the [national] Armed Forces … to reinvigorate the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process and to assist in voluntary disarmament and weapons collection and destruction efforts in implementation of DDR … and to ensure the timely provisions of sustainable reintegration programmes, which will help to promote continued and enhanced funding support from donors for the reintegration phase, and to coordinate with local authorities and with the United Nations agencies programmes and funds, initiatives that strengthen DDR with the creation of economic opportunities for reintegrated individuals and further urges donors to respond to calls for assistance to the DDR process, in particular the reintegration phase, and calls on donors to honour all obligations and pledges of assistance, and takes note in this context of the need to also assist the victims in conflict-affected communities. | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 18 | Encourages [the mission], consistent with its mandate, and within authorized levels of civilian police, to continue efforts to assist the parties to the [peace agreement] in promoting the rule of law, restructuring the police and corrections services throughout [the affected country], particularly in the south due to lack of development of the police services, and assisting in the training of civilian police and corrections officers; | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 17 | Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the Government [of the affected country] in developing the transitional security institutions, including the [national] police force, and the national security force, and to continue to support the Government [of the affected country] in developing a national security strategy, which reflects respect for the rule of law and the protection of human rights, including plans for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), justice and corrections capacities, as well as the legal and policy framework for the operation of its security forces including governance, vetting and oversight mechanisms. | S/RES/1910 (2010), op. 12 | Further requests [the mission] to provide military training, including in the area of human rights, international humanitarian law, child protection and the prevention of gender-based and sexual violence, to the [armed forces] …, as part of broader international efforts to support security sector reform. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 31 | Requests [the mission] … to also continue to contribute … to assist the Government of [the affected country] in restoring a civilian policing presence throughout [the affected country], and to advise the Government of [the affected country] on the restructuring of the internal security services and in re-establishing the authority of the judiciary and the rule of law throughout [the affected country]. | S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 27 | G. Media and information | Protection of journalists | Calls for full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and international humanitarian law throughout [the affected country], notes with concern the restrictions on freedom of media, and attacks against journalists. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 34 | See also S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 7. | Condemns intentional attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel, as such, in situations of armed conflict, and calls upon all parties to put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 1 | Recalls … that journalists, media professionals and associated personnel engaged in dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered as civilians and shall be respected and protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely affecting their status as civilians. This is without prejudice to the right of war correspondents accredited to the armed forces to the status of prisoners of war provided for in article 4(A)(4) of the Third Geneva Convention. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 2 | Recalls … that media equipment and installations constitute civilian objects, and in this respect shall not be the object of attack or of reprisals, unless they are military objectives. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 3 | Urges States and all other parties to an armed conflict to do their utmost to prevent violations of international humanitarian law against civilians, including journalists, media professionals and associated personnel. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 6 | Countering incitement to violence | Urges every [citizen of the affected state] to refrain from any call for hatred, intolerance and violence, notes with interest that in his report … the Secretary-General encouraged the Security Council to impose targeted sanctions against media actors who fan political tension and incite violence and reiterates that it is fully prepared to impose targeted measures …, including among other things against persons who are determined to be a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process in [the affected country] or to be publicly inciting hatred and violence; | S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 10 | See also, for example, S/RES/1727 (2006), op. 12 | Reaffirms its condemnation of all incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict, further reaffirms the need to bring to justice, in accordance with applicable international law, individuals who incite such violence, and indicates its willingness, when authorizing missions, to consider, where appropriate, steps in response to media broadcast inciting genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 4 | Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures, for a period of twelve months, to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons … who constitute a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process in [the affected State], [including] any other person who incites publicly hatred and violence … provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals. | S/RES/1572 (2004), op. 9 | Reaffirms its condemnation of all incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict, further reaffirms the need to bring to justice individuals who incite or otherwise cause such violence, and indicates its willingness, when authorizing missions, to consider, where appropriate, steps in response to media broadcasts inciting genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 17 | Accurate management of information on the conflict | Urges all parties involved in situations of armed conflict to respect the professional independence and rights of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel as civilians. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op. 8 | Affirms that, where appropriate, United Nations peacekeeping missions should include a mass-media component that can disseminate information about international humanitarian law and human rights law, including peace education and children’s protection, while also giving objective information about the activities of the United Nations, and further affirms that, where appropriate, regional peacekeeping operations should be encouraged to include such mass-media components. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 18

II. SPECIFIC PROTECTION CONCERNS ARISING FROM SECURITY COUNCIL DISCUSSIONS ON CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations against children | Expresses its strong concern about the recruitment and use of children by [anti-government] forces in [the affected country] as well as the killing and maiming of children as a result of the conflict, reiterates its strong condemnation of the recruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and all other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, in particular attacks against schools, and the use of children in suicide attacks, calls for those responsible to be brought to justice | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 22 | See also, for example, S/RES/1840 (2008), op. 17; S/RES/1806 (2008), op. 14; S/RES/1780 (2007), op. 17; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 5; S/RES/1539 (2004), op. 1; and S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 13. | Strongly condemns the grave violations against children affected by armed violence, as well as widespread rape and other sexual abuse of women and girls …. | S/RES/1892 (2009), op. 19 | Strongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment, killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abductions, attacks against schools or hospitals and denial of humanitarian access by parties to armed conflict and all other violations of international law committed against children in situations of armed conflict; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 1 | [S]trongly condemns continuing forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, in particular violence aimed at preventing girls from attending schools … | S/RES/1868 (2009), op. 29 | Strongly condemns the recruitment and use of child soldiers by parties to armed conflict in violation of international obligations applicable to them and all other violations and abuses committed against children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 1 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Calling on all parties to armed conflicts to comply strictly with the obligations applicable to them under international law for the protection of children in armed conflict, including those contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, as well as the Geneva Conventions of 12th August 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, | S/RES/1882 (2009), pp. 8 | See also, for example, S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 24; S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 15; S/RES/1868 (2009), op. 29; S/RES/1479 (2003), op. 15; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 10. | [D]emands … that all armed groups … immediately stop recruiting and using children and release all children associated with them. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 3 | Calls upon all parties concerned to abide by the international obligations applicable to them relating to the protection of children affected by armed conflict as well as the concrete commitments they have made to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to UNICEF and other United Nations agencies and to cooperate fully with the United Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams … in the follow-up and implementation of these commitments. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 15 | [R]eiterates its call on parties to armed conflict [listed in the relevant Secretary-General’s report] that have not already done so to prepare and implement, without further delay, concrete time-bound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children in violation of applicable international law, and to address all violations and abuses against children in close cooperation with the [Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict], as well as with UNICEF and the UN Country Task Forces on Monitoring and Reporting. | S/PRST/2008/6 | Accountability for perpetrators of grave violations against children | [C]alls upon concerned Member States to take decisive and immediate action against persistent perpetrators of violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, and further calls upon them to bring to justice those responsible for such violations that are prohibited under applicable international law, including with regard to recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming and rape and other sexual violence, through national justice systems, and where applicable, international justice mechanisms and mixed criminal courts and tribunals, with a view to ending impunity for those committing crimes against children | S/PRST/2010/10 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | [R]equests [the mission], consistent with its mandate and in coordination with the relevant parties and with particular emphasis on the protection, release and reintegration with their families of children recruited to and participating with armed forces and armed groups, to increase its support for the National DDR Coordination Council and the (…) DDR Commissions and to monitor the reintegration process. | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 19 | See also, for example, S/RES/1936 (2010), pp. 13; S/RES/1923 (2010), op. 23; S/RES/1882 (2009). op. 12; S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 14; S/RES/1806 (2008), op. 14; S/RES/1780 (2007), op. 17; S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 12 and op. 18; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 5(g); S/RES/1509 (2003), op. 3; S/RES/1460 (2003), op. 15; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 9; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 13. | [R]equests the Secretary-General to continue to strengthen the child protection component of [the mission], in particular through the appointment of child protection advisers. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 22 | Stresses the responsibility of the United Nations country-level task forces on monitoring and reporting and United Nations country teams, consistent with their respective mandates, to ensure effective follow-up to Security Council resolutions on children and armed conflict, to monitor and report progress to the Secretary-General in close cooperation with his Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict and ensure a coordinated response to issues related to children and armed conflict; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 8 | Requests the Secretary-General to include more systematically in his reports on children and armed conflict specific information regarding the implementation of the [Security Council’s] Working Group [on Children And Armed Conflict] recommendations | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 9 | Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures including, where applicable, to bring the monitoring and reporting mechanism to its full capacity, to allow for prompt advocacy and effective response to all violations and abuses committed against children and to ensure that information collected and communicated by the mechanism is accurate, objective, reliable and verifiable; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 17 | Welcomes the efforts of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in mainstreaming child protection into peacekeeping missions, in line with that Department’s recently adopted Child Protection Policy directive, and encourages the deployment of Child Protection Advisers to peacekeeping operations, as well as into relevant peacebuilding and political missions, and decides to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection of children in such mandates; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 11 | Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that, in all his reports on country-specific situations, the matter of children and armed conflict is included as a specific aspect of the report, and expresses its intention to give its full attention to the information provided therein, including the implementation of relevant Security Council resolutions and of the recommendations of its Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, when dealing with those situations on its agenda | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 10 | Welcomes recent initiatives by regional and sub-regional organizations and arrangements for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, and encourages continued mainstreaming of child protection into their advocacy, policies and programmes; development of peer review and monitoring and reporting mechanisms; establishment, within their secretariats, of child-protection mechanisms; inclusion of child-protection staff and training in their peace and field operations; sub- and inter-regional initiatives to end activities harmful to children in times of conflict, in particular cross-border recruitment and abduction of children, illicit movement of small arms, and illicit trade in natural resources through the development and implementation of guidelines on children and armed conflict.. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 13 | Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations entities and financial institutions, to support the development and strengthening of the capacities of national institutions and local civil society networks for advocacy, protection and rehabilitation of children affected by armed conflict to ensure the sustainability of local child-protection initiatives. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 17 | The Security Council reiterates the need for stronger focus by all parties concerned, including Governments and the donor community, on the long-term effects of armed conflict on children and the impediments to their full rehabilitation and reintegration into their families and communities, through, inter alia, addressing the need for providing appropriate health care, enhancing their exchange of information about programmes and best practices, and ensuring the availability of adequate resources, funding and technical assistance to support national strategies or action plans in the area of child protection and welfare, and community-based programmes, bearing in mind the ‘Paris principles to protect children from unlawful recruitment by armed forces or groups’, with a view to ensuring the long-term sustainability and success of their programmatic response to the release, rehabilitation and reintegration of all children associated with armed forces and armed groups. | S/PRST/2008/28 | Action plans | Decides that [the mission] shall have the following mandate …: (e) Work closely with the Government to ensure the implementation of its commitments to address serious violations against children, in particular the finalization of the Action Plan to release children present in the [armed forces] and to prevent further recruitment, with the support of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism; | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 19; S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 16. | Welcomes the adoption of an action plan by the [armed group] to release all children still associated with its forces by the end of [the year] and in order to achieve this goal, calls for a timely implementation of this action plan. | S/RES/1919 (2010), op. 19 | While noting that some parties to armed conflict have responded to its call upon them to prepare and implement concrete time-bound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children in violation of applicable international law; (a) Reiterates its call on parties to armed conflict listed in the annexes of the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict that have not already done so to prepare and implement, without further delay, action plans to halt recruitment and use of children in violation of applicable international law; (b) Calls upon those parties listed in the annexes of the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict that commit, in contravention of applicable international law, killing and maiming of children and/or rape and other sexual violence against children, in situations of armed conflict, to prepare concrete time-bound action plans to halt those violations and abuses; (c) Further calls upon all parties listed in the annexes to the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict to address all other violations and abuses committed against children and undertake specific commitments and measures in this regard; (d) Urges those parties listed in the annexes of the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict to implement the provisions contained in this paragraph in close cooperation with the Special Representative of the Secretary- General for Children and Armed Conflict and the United Nations country-level task forces on monitoring and reporting; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 5 | In this context, encourages Member States to devise ways, in close consultations with the United Nations country-level task force on monitoring and reporting and United Nations country teams, to facilitate the development and implementation of time-bound action plans, and the review and monitoring by the United Nations country-level task force of obligations and commitments relating to the protection of children in armed conflict; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 6 | Stresses that effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes for children, building on best practices identified by UNICEF and other relevant child protection actors, are crucial for the well-being of all children who, in contravention of applicable international law, have been recruited or used by armed forces and groups, and are a critical factor for durable peace and security, and urges national Governments and donors to ensure that these community-based programmes receive timely, sustained and adequate resources and funding. | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 13 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Further requests [the mission] to provide military training, including in the area of human rights, international humanitarian law, child protection and the prevention of gender-based and sexual violence, to the [armed forces] … as part of broader international efforts to support security sector reform. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 31 | See also, for example, S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 6; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 14. | Reiterates the importance of compliance with relevant provisions of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and of providing appropriate training in such law, including child and gender-related provisions, as well as in negotiation and communications skills, cultural awareness, civil-military coordination and sensitivity in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases, to personnel involved in peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building activities, requests the Secretary-General to disseminate appropriate guidance and to ensure that such United Nations personnel have the appropriate training, and urges relevant Member States, as necessary and feasible, to disseminate appropriate instructions and to ensure that appropriate training is included in their programs for personnel involved in similar activities. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 19 | Children and peace processes | Calls upon Member States, United Nations entities, including the Peacebuilding Commission and other parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights, well-being and empowerment of children affected by armed conflict are integrated into all peace processes and that post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning, programmes and strategies prioritize issues concerning children affected by armed conflict; | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 15 | See also, for example, S/RES/1826 (2008), op. 6; and S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 11; S/RES/1612 (2005), op. 14. | Calls on all concerned parties to ensure that the protection of children is addressed in the implementation of the [peace agreement], and requests the Secretary-General to ensure continued monitoring and reporting of the situation of children and continued dialogue with parties to the conflict towards the preparations of time-bound action plans to end recruitment and use of child soldiers and other violations against children. | S/RES/1769 (2007), op. 17 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law obligations relating to children | Reiterates its determination to ensure respect for its resolutions on children and armed conflict, and in this regard: (a) Welcomes the sustained activity and recommendations of its Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict as called for in paragraph 8 of its resolution 1612 (2005), and invites it to continue reporting regularly to the Security Council; (b) Requests enhanced communication between the Working Group and relevant Security Council Sanctions Committees, including through the exchange of pertinent information on violations and abuses committed against children in armed conflict; (c) Reaffirms its intention to take action against persistent perpetrators in line with paragraph 9 of its resolution 1612 (2005); | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 7 | [R]equests the Secretary-General also to include in the annexes to his reports on children and armed conflict those parties to armed conflict that engage, in contravention of applicable international law, in patterns of killing and maiming of children and/or rape and other sexual violence against children, in situations of armed conflict, bearing in mind all other violations and abuses against children, and notes that the present paragraph will apply to situations in accordance with the conditions set out in paragraph 16 of its resolution 1379 (2001); | S/RES/1882 (2009), op. 3 | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. [D]ecides that [these] provisions shall apply to … political and military leaders operating in the [affected State] and recruiting or using children in armed conflicts in violation of applicable international law; [and] individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op. 9, 11, and 13(d) and (e)

III. SPECIFIC PROTECTION CONCERNS ARISING FROM SECURITY COUNCIL DISCUSSIONS ON WOMEN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations against women and girls | Recognizes that despite progress achieved on gender equality, enhanced efforts are necessary to secure the rights of women and girls, strongly condemns continuing forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, in particular violence aimed at preventing girls from attending schools, … welcomes the commitment of the [affected country]’s Government to strengthen the participation of women in all … governance institutions, including elected and appointed bodies and the civil service …. | S/RES/1917 (2010), op. 35 | See also, for example, S/RES/1882, op. 1; S/RES/1820 (2008), pp. 8; S/RES/1806 (2008), op. 28; | Strongly condemns all violations of applicable international law committed against women and girls in situations of armed conflicts and post-conflict situations, demands all parties to conflicts to cease such acts with immediate effect, and emphasizes the responsibility of all States to put an end to impunity and to prosecute those responsible for all forms of violence committed against women and girls in armed conflicts, including rape and other sexual violence. | S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 3 | Reiterating deep concern that, despite its repeated condemnation of violence against women and children including all forms of sexual violence in situations of armed conflict, and despite its calls addressed to all parties to armed conflict for the cessation of such acts with immediate effect, such acts continue to occur, and in some situations have become systematic or widespread. | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 3 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Recalling that international humanitarian law affords general protection to women and children as part of the civilian population during armed conflicts and special protection due to the fact that they can be placed particularly at risk. | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 6 | S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 2; S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 10; | Calls upon all parties to armed conflict to respect fully international law applicable to the rights and protection of women and girls, especially as civilians, in particular the obligations applicable to them under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto of 1977, the Refugee Convention of 1951 and the Protocol thereto of 1967, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979 and the Optional Protocol thereto of 1999 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and the two Optional Protocols thereto of … 2000, and to bear in mind the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 9 | Women and the prevention and resolution of conflict | Urges Member States, international and regional organisations to take further measures to improve women’s participation during all stages of peace processes, particularly in conflict resolution, post-conflict planning and peacebuilding, including by enhancing their engagement in political and economic decision-making at early stages of recovery processes, through inter alia promoting women’s leadership and capacity to engage in aid management and planning, supporting women’s organizations, and countering negative societal attitudes about women’s capacity to participate equally. | S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 1 | See also, for example, S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 3; S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 8; S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 13, pp. 14 and op. 7; S/RES/1880 (2009), pp 12; S/RES/1826 (2008), op. 6; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 11; S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 1 and op. 15. | Encourages Member States in post-conflict situations, in consultation with civil society, including women’s organizations, to specify in detail women and girls’ needs and priorities and design concrete strategies, in accordance with their legal systems, to address those needs and priorities, which cover inter alia support for greater physical security and better socio-economic conditions, through education, income generating activities, access to basic services, in particular health services, including sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights and mental health, gender-responsive law enforcement and access to justice, as well as enhancing capacity to engage in public decision-making at all levels | S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 10 | Emphasizing the importance of addressing sexual violence issues from the outset of peace processes and mediation efforts, in order to protect populations at risk and promote full stability, in particular in the areas of pre-ceasefire humanitarian access and human rights agreements, ceasefires and ceasefire monitoring, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR), Security Sector Reform (SSR) arrangements, justice and reparations, post-conflict recovery and development. | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 12 | Calls upon all concerned parties to ensure that the protection of women and children is addressed in the implementation of the [peace agreement] as well as the post-conflict reconstruction and recovery phases, including continued monitoring and reporting of the situation of women and children and that all reported abuses are investigated and those responsible brought to justice. | S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 14 | Urges the Secretary-General and his Special Envoys to invite women to participate in discussions pertinent to the prevention and resolution of conflict, the maintenance of peace and security, and post-conflict peace building, and encourages all parties to such talks to facilitate the equal and full participation of women at decision-making levels. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 12 | Calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: (a) The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; (b) Measures that support local women’s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementation mechanisms of the peace agreements; (c) Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 8 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to identify women’s protection advisers (WPAs) among [the mission]’s gender advisers and human rights protection units in line with [the mission]’s comprehensive strategy against sexual violence. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 18 | See also, for example, S/RES/1889 (2009), pp. 14; S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 15; S/RES/1590 (2005), op. 15; S/RES/1528 (2004), op. 6 (n); S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 5 and op. 7; and S/PRST/2007/40. | Welcoming the inclusion of women in peacekeeping missions in civil, military and police functions, and recognizing that women and children affected by armed conflict may feel more secure working with and reporting abuse to women in peacekeeping missions, and that the presence of women peacekeepers may encourage local women to participate in the national armed and security forces, thereby helping to build a security sector that is accessible and responsive to all, especially women. | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 15 | Decides to include specific provisions as appropriate for the protection of women and children from rape and other sexual violence in the mandate of UN peacekeeping operations, including, on a case by case basis, the identification of women’s protection advisers … | S/RES/1888 (2009), op. 12 | Requests the Secretary-General to develop effective guidelines and strategies to enhance the ability of relevant UN peacekeeping operations, consistent with their mandates, to protect civilians, including women and girls, from all forms of sexual violence and to systematically include in his written reports to the Council on conflict situations his observations concerning the protection of women and girls and recommendations in this regard. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 9 | Requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations agencies, inter alia, through consultation with women and women-led organizations as appropriate, to develop effective mechanisms for providing protection from violence, including in particular sexual violence, to women and girls in and around UN managed refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as in all disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes, and in justice and security sector reform efforts assisted by the United Nations. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 10 | Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations entities and financial institutions, to support the development and strengthening of the capacities of national institutions, in particular of judicial and health systems, and of local civil society networks in order to provide sustainable assistance to victims of sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 13 | Urges appropriate regional and sub-regional bodies in particular to consider developing and implementing policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of women and girls affected by sexual violence in armed conflict. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 14 | Requests [peacekeeping mission], in view of the scale and severity of sexual violence committed especially by armed elements in [country], to undertake a thorough review of its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual violence, and to pursue a comprehensive mission-wide strategy, in close cooperation with the United Nations Country Team and other partners, to strengthen prevention, protection, and response to sexual violence, including through training for the [national] security forces in accordance with its mandate, and to regularly report, including in a separate annex if necessary, on actions taken in this regard, including factual data and trend analyses of the problem. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op. 18 | Condemns in the strongest terms all sexual and other forms of violence committed against civilians in armed conflict, in particular women and children, and undertakes to ensure that all peace support operations employ all feasible measures to prevent such violence and to address its impact where it takes place. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 19 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will … assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and … cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice, while working closely with the relevant [United Nations] agencies. | S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 5(g) | Further urges the Secretary-General to seek to expand the role and contribution of women in United Nations field-based operations, and especially among military observers, civilian police, human rights and humanitarian personnel. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 4 | Notes the importance of including in the mandates of peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building operations special protection and assistance provisions for groups requiring particular attention, including women and children. | S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 13 | Comprehensive strategies | Demands that the parties to the conflict immediately take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and children, from all forms of sexual violence; and requests [the mission] to report on the implementation of its comprehensive strategy for providing protection to women and children from sexual violence and gender based violence, as well as to assess progress towards the elimination of sexual and gender-based violence, requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the relevant provisions of resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1889 (2009) are implemented by [the mission] and to include information on this in his reporting to the Council; | S/RES/1935 (2010). op. 18 | See also, for example, S/RES/1889 (2009), op. 4; S/RES/1885 (2009), pp. 14; S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 16; S/RES/1881 (2009), op. 14. | [C]alls upon all (…) parties, with the continued support of [the mission], to ensure the protection of civilians, especially women, children and displaced persons, to fully implement the recommendations of its working group on Children and Armed Conflict in [the affected country] …, notably to adopt and implement a national action plan to address sexual violence, and to ensure that rule of law is strengthened and that all reported abuses are investigated and those responsible for such violations be brought to justice, calls further upon all parties to take appropriate measures to refrain from, prevent and protect civilians from all forms of sexual violence … | S/RES/1933 (2010), op. 13 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that technical support is provided, in pre-deployment and in theatre, to [the mission’s] troop- and police-contributing countries to include guidance and training for military and police personnel on the protection of civilians from imminent threat and appropriate responses, including on human rights, sexual violence and gender issues. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 13 | See also, for example, S/RES/1898 (2009), op. 10; S/RES/1296 (2000), op. 19; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op. 14. | Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Security Council, the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and its Working Group and relevant States, as appropriate, to develop and implement appropriate training programs for all peacekeeping and humanitarian personnel deployed by the United Nations in the context of missions as mandated by the Council to help them better prevent, recognize and respond to sexual violence and other forms of violence against civilians. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 6 | Encourages troop and police contributing countries, in consultation with the Secretary-General, to consider steps they could take to heighten awareness and the responsiveness of their personnel participating in UN peacekeeping operations to protect civilians, including women and children, and prevent sexual violence against women and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations, including wherever possible the deployment of a higher percentage of women peacekeepers or police. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 8 | Requests the Secretary-General to provide to Member States training guidelines and materials on the protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peace-building measures, invites Member States to incorporate these elements as well as HIV/AIDS awareness training into their national training programs for military and civilian police personnel in preparation for deployment, and further requests the Secretary-General to ensure that civilian personnel of peacekeeping operations receive similar training. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 6 | Condemn and call for the cessation of sexual violence | Demands that the parties to the conflict immediately take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and children, from all forms of sexual violence, in line with resolution 1820 (2008). | S/RES/1935 (2010), op. 18 | See also, for example, S/RES/1933 (2010), pp. 9 and op. 13; S/RES/1888 (2009), op. 2; S/RES/1828 (2008), op. 15; S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 2 and op. 3; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 5 and op. 19; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp. 10; S/RES/1545 (2004), pp. 8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2; and S/RES/1325 (2000), op. 10. | Demands that all armed groups … immediately cease all forms of violence and human rights abuse against the civilian population in the [affected country], in particular gender-based violence, including rape and other forms of sexual abuse. | S/RES/1925 (2010), op. 18 | Demands that all parties to armed conflict immediately take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and children, from all forms of sexual violence, including measures such as, inter alia, enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility, training troops on the categorical prohibition of all forms of sexual violence against civilians, debunking myths that fuel sexual violence and vetting candidates for national armies and security forces to ensure the exclusion of those associated with serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, including sexual violence. | S/RES/1888 (2009), op. 3 | Calls also upon all … parties to take appropriate measures to refrain from, prevent and protect civilians from all forms of sexual violence, which could include, inter alia, enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures, upholding the principle of command responsibility, and training troops on the categorical prohibition of all forms of sexual violence. | S/RES/1880 (2009), op. 15 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law obligations relating to women | Affirms its intention, when establishing and renewing state-specific sanctions regimes, to take into consideration the appropriateness of targeted and graduated measures against parties to situations of armed conflict who commit rape and other forms of sexual violence against women and girls in situations of armed conflict. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 5 | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities; [D]ecides that [these] provisions shall apply to … individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op. 9, 11, and 13(d) and (e) | Accountability for the perpetrators of sexual violence | Expresses in particular its concern at the continuing sexual and gender based violence, and urges the Government to continue to take the necessary steps to prevent further violations and to ensure that those responsible are brought to justice. | S/RES/1902 (2009), op. 19 | See also, for example, S/RES/1591 (2005), pp. 10; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; and S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2. | Recognizing the need for civilian and military leaders, consistent with the principle of command responsibility, to demonstrate commitment and political will to prevent sexual violence and to combat impunity and enforce accountability, and that inaction can send a message that the incidence of sexual violence in conflicts is tolerated | S/RES/1888 (2009), pp. 11 | Notes that rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, or a constitutive act with respect to genocide, stresses the need for the exclusion of sexual violence crimes from amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution processes, and calls upon Member States to comply with their obligations for prosecuting persons responsible for such acts, to ensure that all victims of sexual violence, particularly women and girls, have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, and stresses the importance of ending impunity for such acts as part of a comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace, justice, truth, and national reconciliation. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 4 | Condemning in particular sexual violence perpetrated by [militias and armed groups as well as elements of the national armed and police forces] and other security and intelligence services, stressing the urgent need for the [the affected State], in cooperation with [peacekeeping mission] and other relevant actors, to end such violence and bring the perpetrators, as well as the senior commanders under whom they serve, to justice, and calling on Member States to assist in this regard and to continue to provide medical, humanitarian and other assistance to victims. | S/RES/1794 (2007), pp .14 | Sexual exploitation and abuse | Requests the Secretary-General to continue to fully investigate the allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by civilian and military personnel of [the mission], and to take the appropriate measures set out in the Secretary-General’s bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. | S/RES/1906 (2009), op. 12 | Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to implement the policy of zero tolerance of sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping operations; and urges troop and police contributing countries to take appropriate preventative action, including pre-deployment and in-theatre awareness training, and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op. 7 | See also, for example, S/RES/1840 (2008), op. 22; S/RES/1674 (2006), op. 20; S/RES/1565 (2004), op. 25; S/RES/1460 (2003), op. 10; and S/RES/1436 (2002), op. 15. | Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to achieve actual compliance in [peacekeeping mission] with the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, including the development of strategies and appropriate mechanisms to prevent, identify and respond to all forms of misconduct, including sexual exploitation and abuse, and the enhancement of training for personnel to prevent misconduct and ensure full compliance with the United Nations code of conduct, and to further take all necessary action in accordance with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13) and to keep the Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment awareness training and … post-deployment awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel. | S/RES/1769 (2007), op. 16

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

Table of contents