Statement [Made on Behalf of the Security Council, at the 6066th Meeting, 14 Jan. 2009, in Connection with the Council's Consideration of the Item Entitled "Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict"]

S/PRST/2009/1View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Presidential Statement of the Security Council, under agenda item 189 Protection of civilians in armed conflict, published in 2009.

What subjects does this mandate have?

11 subjects

Armed Conflicts Children in Armed Conflicts Civilian Persons Cluster Munitions Displaced Persons Gender-Based Violence Human Rights in Armed Conflicts Humanitarian Assistance Peacekeeping Operations Relief Personnel Staff Security

What’s in this document?

176 paragraphs

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At the 6066th meeting of the Security Council, held on 14 January 2009, in connection with the Council’s consideration of the item entitled “Protection of civilians in armed conflict”, the President of the Security Council made the following statement on behalf of the Council:

“The Security Council reaffirms its commitment to the full and effective implementation of its resolutions on the protection of civilians in armed conflict and recalls previous statements on the issue made by its President.

“The Security Council remains committed to addressing the impact of armed conflict on civilians. The Council expresses its deepest concern that civilians continue to account for the majority of victims of acts of violence committed by parties to armed conflicts, including as a result of deliberate targeting, indiscriminate and excessive use of force, use of civilians as human shields and of sexual and gender based violence, as well as all other acts that violate applicable international law. The Security Council condemns all violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict. The Council demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices. The Council reaffirms in this regard that parties to armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of affected civilians and to meet their basic needs, including by giving attention to the specific needs of women and children.

“The Security Council recalls the obligations of all States to ensure respect for international humanitarian law, including the four Geneva conventions, and once again emphasises the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity or other serious violations of international humanitarian law.

“The Security Council recognises the needs of civilians under foreign occupation and stresses further, in this regard, the responsibilities of the occupying Power.

“The Security Council condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, however and by whomever committed.

* Reissued for technical reasons.

“The Security Council underlines the importance of safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel, and of the timely, safe and unhindered passage of essential relief goods, to provide assistance to civilians in armed conflict in accordance with applicable international law. The Council stresses the importance of upholding and respecting the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence.

“Recalling that on 15 March 2002 the Security Council first adopted the Aide Memoire annexed in the Statement by its President (S/PRST/2002/6) as a means to facilitate its consideration of issues pertaining to protection of civilians and recalling further that in the Statements by its President of 20 December 2002 (S/PRST/2002/41) and 15 December 2003 (S/PRST/2003/27), the Security Council expressed its willingness to update the Aide Memoire regularly in order to reflect emerging trends in the protection of civilians in armed conflict, the Security Council adopts the updated Aide Memoire contained in the annex to this Presidential Statement.

“The Security Council reiterates the importance of the Aide Memoire as a practical tool that provides a basis for improved analysis and diagnosis of key protection issues, particularly during deliberations on peacekeeping mandates, and stresses the need to implement the approaches set out therein on a more regular and consistent basis, taking into account the particular circumstances of each conflict situation, and undertakes to remain actively seized of the matter.”

Protection of civilians in armed conflict

Aide Memoire

For the consideration of issues pertaining to the protection of civilians in armed conflict

Enhancing the protection of civilians in armed conflict is at the core of the work of the United Nations Security Council for the maintenance of peace and security. In order to facilitate the Council’s consideration of protection of civilians concerns in a given context, including at the time of the establishment or renewal of peacekeeping mandates, in June 2001 Council Members suggested that an Aide Memoire, listing the relevant issues, be drafted in cooperation with the Council (S/2001/614). On 15 March 2002, the Council adopted the Aide Memoire as a practical guide for its consideration of protection of civilians issues and agreed to review and update its contents periodically (S/PRST/2002/6). It was subsequently updated and adopted as an annex to Presidential Statement S/PRST/2003/27 on 15 December 2003.

This is the third edition of the Aide Memoire and is based on the Council’s previous deliberations on the protection of civilians, including resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674 (2006), and 1738 (2006). It is the result of consultation between the Security Council and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), as well as between OCHA and concerned United Nations departments and agencies, and other relevant humanitarian organisations.

The Aide Memoire is intended to facilitate the Security Council’s consideration of issues relevant to the protection of civilians in armed conflict. To this end, it highlights primary objectives for Security Council action; offers, on the basis of the Security Council’s past practice, specific issues for consideration in meeting those objectives; and provides, in the addendum, a selection of agreed language from Security Council resolutions and presidential statements that refer to such concerns.

Bearing in mind that each peacekeeping mandate has to be elaborated on a case-by-case basis, the Aide Memoire is not intended as a blueprint for action. The relevance and practicality of the various measures described has to be considered and adapted to the specific conditions in each situation.

Most frequently civilians are caught in circumstances of dire need where a peacekeeping operation has not been established. Such situations may require the Council’s urgent attention. This Aide Memoire may, therefore, also provide guidance in circumstances where the Council may wish to consider action outside the scope of a peacekeeping operation.

General protection concerns pertaining to the conflict-affected population

Protection of, and assistance to, the conflict-affected population

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to protect and meet the basic needs of the conflict-affected population.

Issues for consideration:

Stress the responsibility of parties to armed conflict to respect, protect and meet the basic needs of civilian populations within their effective control.

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law, including with regard to:

The prohibition against violence to life and person, in particular murder, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; enforced disappearances; outrages upon personal dignity; rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence.

The prohibition against arbitrary deprivation of liberty; corporal punishment; collective punishment; and the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable.

The prohibition against taking of hostages.

The prohibition against ordering the displacement of the civilian population for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand.

The prohibition against the recruitment or the active use of children in hostilities by parties to armed conflict in violation of applicable international law.

The prohibition against slavery and the slave trade in all their forms and uncompensated or abusive forced labour.

The prohibition against wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under international humanitarian law.

The prohibition of persecution on political, religious, racial or gender grounds.

The prohibition of any adverse distinction in the application of international humanitarian law and human rights law based on race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status.

The obligation to respect and protect, to whichever party they belong, the wounded and sick, to take all possible measures, particularly after an engagement, to search for and collect the wounded and sick and to provide, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay, the medical care and attention required by their condition without distinction on any grounds other than medical ones.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to contribute to the protection of the civilian population, particularly those under imminent threat of physical danger, within their zones of operation. In doing so, request:

The development of clear guidelines/directives as to what missions can do to protect civilians.

That the protection of civilians is prioritized in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of mandates.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country specific situations include the protection of civilians as a specific aspect of the report; and request the development of mission-specific strategies and plans of action, in consultation with United Nations country teams, for enhancing the protection of civilians and that takes into account the needs of different population groups, including internally displaced persons and refugees, women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

Request troop- and police-contributing countries to ensure the provision of appropriate training to heighten the awareness and responsiveness to protection concerns of their personnel participating in United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to protect civilians.

Urge relevant regional and/or sub-regional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of civilians affected by armed conflict.

Displacement

Parties to armed conflict and other relevant actors refrain from, and take the necessary measures to prevent and respond to, the displacement of the civilian population.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, displacement in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, including with regard to:

The prohibition against deportation, forcible transfer or displacement of the civilian population, in whole or in part, unless the security of the civilians concerned or imperative military reasons so demand.

The obligation, in case of displacement, to ensure to the greatest practicable extent that the civilians concerned are received under satisfactory conditions of shelter, hygiene, health, safety and nutrition and that members of the same family are not separated and that basic needs are met during displacement.

The right to freedom of movement and to leave one’s country and seek asylum.

The right to non-refoulement under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the protection of which does not extend to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that she or he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Underline the primary responsibility of States to respect and maintain the security and civilian character of camps for refugees and internally displaced persons, including disarming armed elements, separating combatants, curbing the flow of small arms in camps and preventing recruitment by armed groups in and around camps.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to take all feasible measures to ensure security in and around such camps and for their inhabitants.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of displaced persons as a specific aspect of the report.

Urge relevant regional and/or sub-regional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of internally displaced persons and refugees.

Safe, voluntary and dignified return and reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons.

Issues for consideration:

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, refugee law and human rights law, including with regard to:

Respect for the right of refugees and displaced persons to voluntary return in safety and dignity to their homes.

Respect for the property rights of refugees and displaced persons, without adverse distinction on the basis of gender, age or other status.

Affirm in relevant resolutions the right of refugees and displaced persons to voluntary, safe and dignified return to their homes.

Call upon all parties concerned to create the conditions conducive to allowing voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return, inter alia, by concluding agreements and/or adopting measures designed to facilitate return, and by promoting favourable conditions for the reconstruction and economic and social development of areas of return.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure non-discriminatory treatment of returning refugees and internally displaced persons.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure the participation of refugees and internally displaced persons and inclusion of their needs, including their right to voluntary, safe and dignified return and reintegration, in all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programs.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to support domestic mechanisms for addressing housing, land and property issues or their establishment by national authorities.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, to prevent the illegal appropriation and confiscation of land and property belonging to refugees and internally displaced persons and to ensure the protection of returning refugees and internally displaced persons.

Humanitarian access and safety and security of humanitarian workers

Parties to armed conflict to agree to and facilitate relief operations that are humanitarian and impartial in character and to allow and facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of relief consignments, equipment and personnel.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate removal of, impediments of humanitarian access in violation of applicable international humanitarian law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including:

The prohibition against using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under applicable international humanitarian law.

Agreeing to relief actions which are humanitarian and impartial in character and conducted without any adverse distinction.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict and third States with their obligations under applicable international humanitarian law to allow and facilitate the rapid and unimpeded passage of relief consignments, equipment and personnel subject to their right to prescribe technical arrangements, including search, under which such passage is permitted.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, where appropriate and as requested, to facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance.

Parties to armed conflict to respect and protect humanitarian workers and facilities.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, attacks deliberately targeting humanitarian workers.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including the duty to respect and protect relief personnel and installations, material, units and vehicles involved in humanitarian assistance.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to contribute, as requested and within capabilities, to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance.

Encourage the Secretary-General to bring to the attention of the Security Council situations in which humanitarian assistance is denied as a consequence of violence directed against humanitarian personnel and facilities.

Request that States include key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel and its Optional Protocol, such as those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of United Nations operations, the criminalisation of such attacks and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-mission and host country agreements negotiated with the United Nations.

Conduct of hostilities

Parties to armed conflict to take all feasible precautions to spare civilians from the effects of hostilities.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in violation of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law, including the prohibitions against:

Directing attacks against the civilian population or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities;

Directing attacks against civilian objects;

Launching an attack that is indiscriminate, i.e., of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction;

Launching an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or a combination thereof which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated;

Directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the United Nations Charter, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under international humanitarian law;

Utilizing the presence of a civilian or other protected person to render certain points, areas or military forces immune from military operations;

Rape and other forms of sexual violence;

Directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;

Directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law;

Destroying or seizing the property of the adversary unless required by military necessity;

Using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under applicable international humanitarian law.

Request regular reporting by United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council on concrete steps taken to ensure the protection of the civilian population in the conduct of hostilities and on measures to ensure accountability for violations of applicable international humanitarian law.

Small arms and light weapons, mines and explosive remnants of war

Protection of the civilian population through the control of, and reduction in the availability of, illicit small arms and light weapons.

Issues for consideration:

Request States and regional and sub-regional organizations to adopt measures to curb and reduce the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons such as voluntary collection and destruction; effective stockpile management; arms embargoes; sanctions; and legal measures against corporate actors, individuals and entities involved in such activities.

Encourage strengthened practical cooperation between United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council aimed at monitoring and preventing the cross-border movement of small arms and light weapons.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to collect and dispose of or secure illicit and/or surplus small arms and light weapons as well as surplus ammunition stockpiles.

Consider imposing arms embargoes and other measures aimed at preventing the sale or supply of arms and related materiel of all types to parties to armed conflict that commit violations of applicable international law.

Encourage strengthened practical cooperation among relevant sanctions monitoring groups of the Security Council, peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council and States.

Request the establishment of a baseline arms inventory as well as arms marking and registration systems in situations where a United Nations arms embargo coincides with disarmament, demobilization and reintegration efforts.

Protection of the civilian population through the marking, clearance, removal or destruction of mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), including cluster munition remnants.

Issues for consideration:

Call on parties to armed conflict, after the cessation of active hostilities and as soon as feasible, to mark, clear, remove or destroy mines and ERW in affected territories under their control, prioritizing areas affected by mines and ERW which are assessed to pose serious humanitarian risk.

Call on parties to armed conflict to record and retain information on the use of mines and explosive ordnance or the abandonment of explosive ordnance, to facilitate rapid marking and clearance, removal or destruction of mines and ERW and risk education, and to provide the relevant information to the party in control of, and civilian populations in, the territory.

Call on parties to armed conflict to take all feasible precautions in the territory under their control affected by mines and ERW to protect the civilian population, in particular children, including issuing warnings, undertaking risk education, marking, fencing and monitoring of territory affected by mines and ERW.

Call on parties to armed conflict to protect United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council, as well as humanitarian organizations, from the effects of mines and ERW and to make available information on the location of mines and ERW that they are aware of in the territory where the mission/organizations are or will be operating.

Call on parties to armed conflict, States and other relevant actors to provide technical, financial, material or human resources assistance to facilitate the marking, clearance, removal or destruction of mines and ERW.

Call on parties to armed conflict, States and other relevant actors to provide assistance for the care, rehabilitation and economic and social reintegration of victims of ERW and their families and communities.

Compliance, accountability and the rule of law

Compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Issues for consideration:

Call on parties to armed conflict take appropriate measures to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law and human rights law, including by:

Enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility.

Training troops on applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Vetting armed and security forces to ensure that personnel have a reliably attested record of not having been involved in violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law.

Consider applying targeted and graduated measures against parties to armed conflict that commit violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law.

Accountability for persons suspected of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious violations of human rights law.

Issues for consideration:

Stress the importance of ending impunity for criminal violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law as part of a comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace, justice, truth, and national reconciliation.

Call on States to comply with their obligations to investigate, search for, prosecute or extradite persons suspected of committing genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or other serious violations of human rights law.

Stress the need for the exclusion of, and reject any form of, or endorsement of, amnesty for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights in conflict resolution processes and ensure that no such amnesty previously granted is a bar to prosecution before any United Nations-created or assisted court.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to promote, in cooperation with relevant States, the establishment of effective arrangements for investigating and prosecuting violations of international humanitarian law or other serious violations of human rights law.

Request the cooperation of States and United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council in the apprehension and surrender of alleged perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights law.

Consider the establishment, in situations where local judicial mechanisms are overwhelmed, of ad hoc judicial mechanisms at the national or international level to investigate and prosecute war crimes and serious violations of human rights law.

Consider the referral of situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes to the International Criminal Court.

Protection of civilians through the restoration and enforcement of the rule of law.

Issues for consideration:

Call upon States to ensure equal protection under the law and equal access to justice for victims of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, including women and children, and to take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of victims and witnesses.

Mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to support restoration of the rule of law, including the provision of assistance in monitoring, restructuring and reforming the justice sector.

Request the rapid deployment of qualified and well-trained international civilian police, justice and corrections experts as a component of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Call on States, regional and sub-regional organizations to provide technical assistance for local police, judiciary and penitentiaries (e.g., mentoring, legislative drafting).

Build confidence and enhance stability by promoting truth and reconciliation mechanisms.

Issues for consideration:

Mandate the establishment of appropriate, locally adapted, mechanisms for truth and reconciliation (e.g., technical assistance, funding, reintegration of civilians within communities).

Request, where appropriate, the establishment by the Secretary-General of commissions of inquiry and similar measures with regard to situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or serious violations of human rights law.

Media and information

Protection of journalists, other media professionals and associated personnel.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn and call for the immediate cessation of attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel operating in situations of armed conflict.

Call for compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and respect for the civilian status of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel as well as their equipment and installations.

Demand that States take all necessary steps to prosecute those responsible for attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel in violation of applicable international humanitarian law.

Counter occurrences of speech used to incite violence.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn and call for the immediate cessation of incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict.

Demand that States bring to justice individuals who incite or otherwise cause such violence.

Impose targeted and graduated measures in response to media broadcasts inciting genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious violations of human rights law.

Mandate peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to promote the establishment of media monitoring mechanisms to ensure effective monitoring, reporting and documenting of any incidents, origins and contents that incite “hate media”.

Promote and support accurate management of information on the conflict.

Issues for consideration:

Urge parties to armed conflict to respect the professional independence of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel.

Encourage United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council to include a mass-media component that can disseminate information about international humanitarian law and human rights law while also giving objective information about the activities of the United Nations.

Request relevant actors to provide technical assistance to States in drafting and enforcing anti-hate speech legislation.

Specific protection concerns arising from Security Council discussions on children affected by armed conflict

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to meet the specific protection, health, education and assistance needs of children.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, including the recruitment or active use in hostilities of children by parties to armed conflict in violation of applicable international law, the killing or maiming of children; rape and other grave sexual abuse of children; abduction of children; attacks against schools or hospitals; and denial of humanitarian access for children.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law relating to children affected by armed conflict.

Call upon relevant parties to develop and implement concrete time-bound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children, in close collaboration with United Nations peacekeeping missions, United Nations country teams and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict.

Call upon all parties concerned to implement the recommendations of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict.

Include specific provisions for the protection of children in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of children as a specific aspect of the report.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of children affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes, including measures for family tracing and reunification, the rehabilitation and reintegration of separated children, and the release and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.

Urge States, United Nations entities, regional and sub-regional organizations and other concerned parties, to take appropriate measures to control illicit sub-regional and cross-border activities harmful to children, as well as other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international law.

Urge relevant regional and/or sub-regional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of children affected by armed conflict.

Specific protection concerns arising from Security Council discussions on women affected by armed conflict

Parties to armed conflict and other relevant actors to refrain from, and take the necessary measures to prevent and respond to, sexual violence.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, acts of sexual violence committed in the context of, and associated with, armed conflict.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with the rules of international humanitarian law and human rights law prohibiting rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence.

Call on parties to armed conflict take appropriate measures to refrain from, prevent and protect all persons from all forms of sexual violence, including by:

Enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility.

Training troops on the categorical prohibition of all forms of sexual violence.

Debunking myths that fuel sexual violence.

Vetting armed and security forces to ensure that personnel have a reliably attested record of not having been involved in the perpetration of rape and other forms of sexual violence.

Evacuating to safety civilians under imminent threat of sexual violence.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include sexual violence as a specific aspect of the report, including to the extent possible, disaggregated data as to gender and age of victims; and request the development of mission-specific strategies and plans of action for preventing and responding to sexual violence, as part of a broader protection of civilians strategy.

Urge relevant regional and/or sub-regional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of civilians affected by sexual violence.

Request troop- and police-contributing countries to deploy higher numbers of women peacekeepers or police, and to ensure the provision of appropriate training to their personnel, participating in United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, on the protection of civilians, including women and children, and the prevention of sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations.

Parties to armed conflict to take the necessary measures to meet the specific protection, health and assistance needs of women and girls.

Issues for consideration:

Condemn, and call for the immediate cessation of, violations and abuses committed against women and girls in situations of armed conflict.

Call for strict compliance by parties to armed conflict with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law relating to the protection of women and girls affected by armed conflict.

Call upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of women and girls affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes.

Include specific provisions for the protection of women and girls in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council.

Request that reports of the Secretary-General on country-specific situations include the protection of women and girls as a specific aspect of the report.

Urge relevant regional and/or sub-regional bodies to develop and implement policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of women and girls affected by armed conflict.

Equal participation and full involvement of women in the prevention and resolution of armed conflict.

Issues for consideration:

Urge States, United Nations entities, regional and sub-regional organizations and other concerned parties to ensure increased representation of women at all decision-making levels in national, regional and international institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict.

Call on all actors involved in negotiating and implementing peace agreements to adopt a gender perspective, including by considering:

The needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction.

Measures that support local women’s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in the implementation mechanisms of peace agreements.

Measures that ensure the protection of, and respect for, the human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.

Urge the Secretary-General and his Special Envoys to ensure the participation of women in discussions pertinent to the prevention and resolution of conflict, the maintenance of peace and security, and post-conflict peace-building, and encourage all parties to such talks to facilitate the equal and full participation of women at all decision-making levels.

Ensure that Security Council missions take into account gender considerations and the rights of women and girls, including through consultation with local and international women’s groups.

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to expand the role, numbers and contribution of women in United Nations operations, and especially among military observers and civilian police.

Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA).

Issues for consideration:

Urge humanitarian and development organizations to take appropriate action to prevent SEA by their personnel, including pre-deployment and in-theatre awareness training and, in the case of United Nations actors, to promote and ensure compliance, including by civilian staff of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions, with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13).

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to take appropriate action to prevent SEA by their personnel, including pre-deployment and in-theater awareness training to promote and ensure compliance with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13).

Urge troop- and police-contributing countries to ensure full accountability in cases of SEA involving their personnel and to report to the Secretary-General on action taken.

Addendum: Selection of agreed language

I. GENERAL PROTECTION CONCERNS PERTAINING TO THE CONFLICT-AFFECTED POPULATION | A. Protection of, and assistance to the conflict-affected population | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Demands an end to violence by all sides, to attacks on civilians, peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, and to other violations of human rights and international humanitarian law… | S/RES/1828 (2008), op.11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1674 (2006), op.3, op.11 and op.26; S/RES/1574 (2004), op.11; S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op.2; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op.2 and op.5. | Reaffirms … its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international obligations with respect in particular to (i) torture and other prohibited treatment, (ii) gender-based and sexual violence, (iii) violence against children, (iv) the recruitment and use of child soldiers, (v) trafficking in humans, (vi) forced displacement, and (vii) the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance, and demands that all parties put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.5 | Strongly condemning all violations of human rights and international humanitarian law … in particular the continuation of violence against civilians and sexual violence against women and girls…, urging all parties to take necessary steps to prevent further violations, and expressing its determination to ensure that those responsible for all such violations are identified and brought to justice without delay. | S/RES/1591 (2005), pp.10 | Condemning all acts of violence and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by all parties to the crisis … including indiscriminate attacks on civilians, rapes, forced displacements, and acts of violence especially those with an ethnic dimension, and expressing its utmost concern at the consequences of the conflict … on the civilian population, including women, children, internally displaced persons, and refugees. | S/RES/1556 (2004), pp.8 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Emphasizing the importance of the safety and well-being of all civilians. | S/RES/1860 (2009), pp.3 | See also, for example, S/RES/1801 (2008), op.13; S/RES/1794 (2007), op.7; S/RES/1790 (2007), pp.18; S/RES/1776 (2007), pp.1; S/RES/1674 (2006), op.6; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp.10; and S/RES/307 (1971). op.3. | Expressing grave concern at the escalation of violence and the deterioration of the situation, in particular the resulting heavy civilian casualties … and emphasizing that the ... civilian populations must be protected. | S/RES/1860 (2009), pp.4 | Stressing the primary responsibility of [the affected State] for ensuring security in its territory and protecting its civilians with respect for the rule of law, human rights and international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1794 (2007), pp.5 | Demands that Government and rebel forces … ensure that their members comply with international humanitarian law… | S/RES/1574 (2003), op.11 | [U]rges all parties, including [the affected State], to take all necessary steps to prevent further violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, in particular those committed against civilians. | S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8 | The Council … recognizes the needs of civilians under foreign occupation and stresses … in this regard, the responsibilities of the occupying Power. | S/PRST/2004/46 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Requests [the peacekeeping mission] to attach the highest priority to addressing the crisis … in all its dimensions, in particular through the protection of civilians. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.2 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), op.7; S/RES/1778 (2007), op.1, op.2; S/RES/1701 (2006), op.12; S/RES/1590 (2005), op.4; and S/RES/1565 (2006), op.4. | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, (a) Authorizes [regional organization] to deploy … an operation … and decides that this operation shall be authorized to take all necessary measures, within its capabilities and its area of operation…, to fulfill the following functions: (i) To contribute to protecting civilians in danger, particularly refugees and displaced persons; (ii) To facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of humanitarian personnel by helping to improve security in the area of operations; (iii) To contribute to protecting United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment and to ensuring the security and freedom of movement of its staff and United Nations and associated personnel. | S/RES/1778 (2007), op.6 | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations: (a) decides that [the peacekeeping mission] is authorized to take the necessary action, in the areas of deployment of its forces and as it deems within its capabilities in order to: … (ii) … prevent … armed attacks, and protect civilians, without prejudice to the responsibility of [the affected State]. | S/RES/1769 (2007), op.15 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will have the mandate, within the limits of its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to assist [the affected State] in establishing a stable security environment … and, to that end, to: Protection of civilians, humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel and facilities (a) Ensure the protection of civilians, including humanitarian personnel, under imminent threat of physical violence; (b) Contribute to the improvement of the security conditions in which humanitarian assistance is provided, and assist in the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons; (c) Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment; (d) Ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated personnel; (e) Carry out joint patrols with the riot control units of the national police to improve security in the event of civil disturbance. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op.2 | Reaffirms its practice of ensuring that the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping, political and peace-building missions include, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding (i) the protection of civilians, particularly those under imminent threat of physical danger within their zones of operation … [A]nd expresses its intention of ensuring that: (i) such mandates include clear guidelines as to what missions can and should do to achieve those goals, (ii) the protection of civilians is given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of the mandates, and (iii) that protection mandates are implemented. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.16 | Recognizes the increasingly valuable role that regional organizations and other intergovernmental institutions play in the protection of civilians, and encourages the Secretary-General and the heads of regional and other intergovernmental organizations to continue their efforts to strengthen their partnership in this regard. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.24 | Decides that [regional organization force] is authorized to take all necessary measures, within its means and capabilities, to carry out the following tasks, in accordance with the agreement to be reached between the [regional organization] and the United Nations: … (b) to contribute to the protection of civilians under imminent threat of physical violence in the areas of its deployment, and without prejudice to the responsibility of [the affected State] … (e) to execute operations of limited character in order to extract individuals in danger. | S/RES/1671 (2006), op.8 | Strategy development and reporting | Requests [peacekeeping mission], in view of the scale and severity of sexual violence committed especially by armed elements in [the country], to undertake a thorough review of its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual violence, and to pursue a comprehensive mission-wide strategy, in close cooperation with the United Nations Country Team and other partners, to strengthen prevention, protection, and response to sexual violence, including through training for the [national] security forces in accordance with its mandate, and to regularly report, including in a separate annex if necessary, on actions taken in this regard, including factual data and trend analyses of the problem. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.18 | See also, for example, S/RES/1296 (2000), op.24. | Reiterates its invitation to the Secretary-General to continue to refer to the Council relevant information and analysis regarding the protection of civilians where he believes that such information or analysis could contribute to the resolution of issues before it, requests him to continue to include in his written reports to the Council on matters of which it is seized, as appropriate, observations relating to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, and encourages him to continue consultations and take concrete steps to enhance the capacity of the United Nations in this regard. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.25 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that United Nations personnel involved in peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building activities have appropriate training in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, including child and gender-related provisions, negotiation and communication skills, cultural awareness and civilian-military coordination, and urges States and relevant international and regional organizations to ensure that appropriate training is included in their programs for personnel involved in similar activities. | S/RES/1265 (1990), op.14 | See also, for example, S/RES/1325 (2000), op.6; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op.19. | B. Displacement | Prohibition of, and response to, forcible displacement | Recalls the prohibition of the forcible displacement of civilians in situations of armed conflict under circumstances that are in violation of parties’ obligations under international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.12 | Urges the international community to provide support and assistance to enable States to fulfill their responsibilities regarding the protection of refugees and other persons protected under international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.13 | Notes that the overwhelming majority of internally displaced persons and other vulnerable groups in situations of armed conflict are civilians and, as such, are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under existing international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.3 | Asylum and non-refoulement | Recalling in addition the right to seek and enjoy asylum reflected in Article 14 of the Universal Declaration and the non--refoulement obligation of States under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees adopted on 28 July 1951, together with its Protocol adopted on 31 January 1967 (“the Refugees Convention and its Protocol”) and also recalling that the protections afforded by the Refugees Convention and its Protocol shall not extend to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. | S/RES/1624 (2005), pp.7 | The Security Council reaffirms the principle of non-refoulement of refugees, as provided for in relevant instruments of international law, welcomes recent efforts of countries neighbouring [the affected State] to support the voluntary repatriation of refugees in safety and dignity, and urges those host States to continue to provide international protection to [those] refugees in need of it. It encourages the international community to provide the necessary assistance in this regard. | S/PRST/2000/12 | The Security Council is particularly concerned at the withdrawal of refugee status from and the consequent ending of assistance to many refugees from the [neighboring State]… The decisions of the [affected State] in this regard may lead to the involuntary return of tens of thousands of people to an area that is neither safe nor prepared to receive them. The Council stresses the importance of the principle of non-refoulement set out in the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, to which [the affected State] is a party. The Council urges the [affected State] to continue to provide asylum to all refugees regardless of their origin. | S/PRST/1995/49 | Civilian character of refugee camps and sites for internally displaced persons | Emphasizing the need to respect international refugee law, preserve the civilian and humanitarian nature of refugee camps and internally displaced persons sites and prevent any recruitment of individuals, including children, which might be carried out in or around the camps by armed groups. | S/RES/1834 (2008), pp.12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1778 (2007), pp.12; S/RES/1286 (2000), op.12; S/RES/1272 (1999), op.12; and S/PRST/1999/32. | Endorses the police concept referred to in the report of the Secretary-General, including the provisions regarding the establishment of the [special national police section], which would be dedicated exclusively to maintaining law and order in refugee camps, sites with concentrations of internally displaced persons and key towns in neighboring areas and to assisting in securing humanitarian activities … and, in this regard, encourages [the affected State] to establish the [section], emphasizes the urgent need to provide [it with] logistical and financial support … and requests the Secretary-General to mobilize member States and institutional donors for this purpose. | S/RES/1778 (2007), op.5 | Reaffirms the need to maintain the security and civilian character of refugee and internally displaced person camps, stresses the primary responsibility of States in this regard, and encourages the Secretary-General where necessary and in the context of existing peacekeeping operations and their respective mandates, to take all feasible measures to ensure security in and around such camps and of their inhabitants. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.14 | Calls upon all parties to armed conflict to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, and to take into account the particular needs of women and girls, including in their design. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.12 | Invites the Secretary-General to bring to its attention situations where refugees and internally displaced persons are vulnerable to the threat of harassment or where their camps are vulnerable to infiltration by armed elements and where such situations may constitute a threat to international peace and security, expresses, in this regard, its willingness to consider such situations and, where necessary, adopt appropriate steps to help create a secure environment for civilians endangered by conflicts, including by providing support to States concerned in this regard. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.14 | Notes that a range of measures by the international community are needed to share the burden borne by African States hosting refugees and to support their efforts to ensure the security and civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, including in the areas of law enforcement, disarmament of armed elements, curtailment of the flow of arms in refugee camps and settlements, separation of refugees from other persons who do not qualify for international protection afforded refugees or otherwise do not require international protection, and demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. | S/RES/1208 (1998), op.6 | Safe, voluntary and dignified return and reintegration | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning have regard for the special needs of women and children and include specific measures for the protection of civilians including … (iii) the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1826 (2008), op.8; S/RES/1812 (2008), op.18; S/RES/1752 (2007), op. 6; S/RES/1747 (2007), op.27; S/RES/1716 (2006), op.9; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp.7; S/RES/1556 (2004), pp.19; S/RES/1545 (2004), pp.13; S/RES/1494 (2003), op.15; S/RES/1272 (1999), op.12; and S/RES/849 (1993), op.11. | Reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable rights of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict, and stresses that they have the right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions… | S/RES/1615 (2005), op.18 | Affirms that internally displaced persons, refugees and other vulnerable peoples should be allowed to return to their homes voluntarily, in safety and dignity, and only when adequate assistance and protection are in place. | S/RES/1564 (2004), op.6 | Reaffirms the right of all refugees and displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes … condemns the continued obstruction of that return, and stresses the unacceptability of any linkage of the return of refugees and displaced persons with the question of the political status of [the region]. | S/RES/1096 (1997), op.8 | Welcomes the commitment of the parties to the right of all refugees and displaced persons freely to return to their homes of origin or to other places of their choice … in safety … and stresses the importance of facilitating the return or resettlement of refugees and displaced persons which should be gradual and orderly and carried out through progressive, coordinated programs that address the need for local security, housing and jobs. | S/RES/1088 (1996), op.11 | Reaffirms its support for the established principles that all declarations and actions made under duress, particularly those regarding land and ownership, are null and void, and that all displaced persons should be enabled to return in peace to their former homes. | S/RES/941 (1994), op.3 | The Security Council is deeply concerned that in spite of its previous requests there has been little progress on the issue of the return of [refugees from ethnic minority group] and urges [the Government] to adopt a comprehensive approach in order to facilitate the return of refugees … to their homes of origin throughout [the affected State]. It deplores the continued failure by [the affected State] to safeguard effectively their property rights, especially the situation where many of those [ethnic minority refugees] who have returned to the former sectors have been unable to regain possession of their properties. The Council calls upon [the affected State] to apply immediately proper procedures to the question of property rights and to stop all forms of discrimination against the [minority population] in the provision of social benefits and reconstruction assistance. | S/PRST/1996/48 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Approves the establishment … of a multidimensional presence intended to help create the security conditions conducive to a voluntary, secure and sustainable return of refugees and displaced persons, inter alia by contributing to the protection of refugees, displaced persons and civilians in danger, by facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance in [specific areas] and by creating favourable conditions for the reconstruction and economic and social development of those areas. | S/RES/1778 (2007), op.1 | See also, for example, S/RES/1812 (2008), op.18; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.5; S/RES/1545 (2004), op.5(f) and op.13; S/RES/1509 (2003), op.6; S/RES/1419 (2002), op.11; S/RES/1244 (1999), op.11; and S/RES/1145 (1997), op.13. | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will have the mandate, within the limits of its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to assist [the affected State] in establishing a stable security environment in the country, and, to that end, to: … (b) Contribute to the improvement of the security conditions in which humanitarian assistance is provided, and assist in the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op.2 | Reaffirms its practice of ensuring that the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping, political and peace-building missions include, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding … the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and expresses its intention of ensuring that (i) such mandates include clear guidelines as to what missions can and should do to achieve those goals, (ii) the protection of civilians is given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of the mandates, and (iii) that protection mandates are implemented. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.16 | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations… decides that [peacekeeping mission] shall have the following mandate: … (b) to monitor and report on the human rights situation, in cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, including on the situation of returned refugees and displaced persons. | S/RES/1542 (2004), op.7 (III)(b) | Recalls that the [opposition group] bears a particular responsibility to protect the returnees and to facilitate the return of the remaining displaced population, and requests further measures to be undertaken [by United Nations agencies] to create conditions conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, including through quick-impact projects, to develop their skills and to increase their self-reliance, with full respect for their inalienable right to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions. | S/RES/1494 (2003), op.15 | C. Humanitarian access and safety and security of humanitarian workers | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, attacks against humanitarian workers and the wilful impediment of humanitarian access | Condemns any attack against personnel or facilities [of the peacekeeping mission] and demands that no acts of intimidation or violence be directed against the United Nations and associated personnel or facilities or other actors engaged in humanitarian, development or peacekeeping work. | S/RES/1840 (2008), op.16 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), op.8; S/RES/1780 (2007), op.13; S/RES/1769 (2007), pp.13, and op.14; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op.8 and op.9. | Reiterating its deep concern for the decreasing security of humanitarian personnel, including killings of humanitarian workers, in [the territory] and the hindering of their access to populations in need, condemning the parties to the conflict who have failed to ensure the full, safe and unhindered access of relief personnel as well as the delivery of humanitarian assistance, further condemning all instances of banditry and car-jackings… | S/RES/1828 (2008), pp.12 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law | Calls for the unimpeded provision and distribution throughout [the affected territory] of humanitarian assistance, including of food, fuel and medical treatment. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op.2 | See also, for example, S/RES/1778 (2007), op.17; S/RES/1769 (2007), op.14; S/RES/1747 (2007), op.24; S/RES/1674 (2006), op.8, op.22; S/RES/1574 (2004), op.11; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.20, op.21; S/RES/1545 (2004), op.12; S/RES/1533 (2004), op.5; S/RES/1509 (2003), pp.6, op.8; S/RES/1502 (2003), op.4; S/RES/1497 (2003), op.11; S/RES/1493 (2003), op.12; S/RES/1296 (2000), op.12 and op.15; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op.7, op.8 and op.9. | Welcomes the initiatives aimed at creating and opening humanitarian corridors and other mechanisms for the sustained delivery of humanitarian aid. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op.3 | Demands … [the affected State], all militias, armed groups and all other stakeholders ensure the full, safe and unhindered access of humanitarian organizations and relief personnel. | S/RES/1828 (2008), op.13 | [C]alls on all parties and armed groups … to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of [peacekeeping], United Nations and humanitarian personnel, demands that all parties ensure timely, safe and unhindered access for the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need, wherever they may be, and urges the countries in the region to facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance, including the timely, safe and unhindered passage of essential relief goods … by land or via air and sea ports. | S/RES/1814 (2008), op.12 | Reaffirms the obligation of all parties to comply fully with the relevant rules and principles of international humanitarian law relating to the protection of humanitarian and United Nations personnel, and also demands that all parties concerned grant immediate, full and unimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to all persons in need of assistance, as provided for in applicable international law. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.17 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning … include specific measures for the protection of civilians including … the facilitation of the provision of humanitarian assistance. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11 | Urges all those concerned as set forth in international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Regulations, to allow full and unimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to civilians in need of assistance in situations of armed conflict, and to make available, as far as possible, all necessary facilities for their operations, and to promote the safety, security and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel and their assets. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.22 | Calls upon all Member States to ensure the free, unhindered and expeditious movement to [the affected State] of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and other goods, including vehicles and spare parts, which are for the exclusive and official use of [peacekeeping operation]. | S/RES/1590 (2005), op.8 | Calls on [the affected State to facilitate] international relief for the humanitarian disaster by means of a moratorium on all restrictions that might hinder the provision of humanitarian assistance and access to affected populations. | S/RES/1556 (2004), op.1 | Underlines the importance of safe and unimpeded access of humanitarian personnel to civilians in armed conflicts, calls upon the parties concerned, including neighboring States, to cooperate fully with the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator and United Nations agencies in providing such access, invites States and the Secretary-General to bring to its attention information regarding the deliberate denial of such access in violation of international law, where such denial may constitute a threat to international peace and security, and, in this regard, expresses its willingness to consider such information and, when necessary, to adopt appropriate steps. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.8 | Expresses its intention, where appropriate, to call upon the parties to a conflict to make special arrangements to meet the protection and assistance requirements of women, children and other vulnerable groups, including through the promotion of “days of immunization” and other opportunities for the safe and unhindered delivery of basic necessary services. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.10 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Reiterates its support for the contribution made by some States to protect the World Food Programme maritime convoys, calls upon States and regional organizations, in close coordination with each other and as notified in advance to the Secretary-General, and at the request of [the Government], to take action to protect shipping involved with the transportation and delivery of humanitarian aid … and United Nations-authorized activities, calls upon [regional peacekeeping mission] troop-contributing countries, as appropriate, to provide support to this end, and requests the Secretary-General to provide his support to this effect. | S/RES/1814 (2008), op.11 | See also, for example, S/RES/1769 (2007), op.15; S/RES/1756 (2007), op.2; S/RES/1701 (2006), op.12; S/RES/1590 (2005), op.16; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.4 and op.5; S/RES/1542 (2004), op.9; S/RES/1528 (2004), op.6; S/RES/1509 (2003), op.3(k); S/RES/1502 (2003), op.5(a); S/RES/1492 (2003), op.25; S/RES/1289 (2000), op.12; and S/RES/1270 (1999), op.14. | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, (a) Authorizes [regional organization] to deploy … an operation … and decides that this operation shall be authorized to take all necessary measures, within its capabilities and its area of operation…, to fulfill the following functions: … (ii) To facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of humanitarian personnel by helping to improve security in the area of operations; (iii) To contribute to protecting United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment and to ensuring the security and freedom of movement of its staff and United Nations and associated personnel. | S/RES/1778 (2007), op.6 | Decides to authorize member States of [regional organization] to maintain a mission in [country], which shall be authorized to take all necessary measures as appropriate to carry out the following mandate: … (d) To contribute, as may be requested and within capabilities, to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance. | S/RES/1772 (2007), op.9(d) | Reaffirms its practice of ensuring that the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping, political and peace-building missions include, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding … the facilitation of the provision of humanitarian assistance and expresses its intention of ensuring that (i) such mandates include clear guidelines as to what missions can and should do to achieve those goals, (ii) the protection of civilians is given priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources, including information and intelligence resources, in the implementation of the mandates, and (iii) that protection mandates are implemented. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.16 | Accountability for attacks against humanitarian workers | Condemns all attacks deliberately targeting United Nations and associated personnel involved in humanitarian missions, as well as other humanitarian personnel, [and] urges States on whose territory such attacks occur to prosecute or extradite those responsible. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.23 | See also, for example, S/RES/1265 (1999), op.10. | Emphasizing that there are existing prohibitions under international law against attacks knowingly and intentionally directed against personnel involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission undertaken in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations which in situations of armed conflicts constitute war crimes, and recalling the need for States to end impunity for such criminal acts. | S/RES/1502 (2003), pp.5 | Expresses its strong condemnation of all forms of violence, including, inter alia, murder, rape and sexual assault, intimidation, armed robbery, abduction, hostage-taking, kidnapping, harassment and illegal arrest and detention to which those participating in humanitarian operations are increasingly exposed, as well as attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of their property; Urges States to ensure that crimes against such personnel do not remain unpunished. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op.1 and op.2 | Expresses its determination to take appropriate steps in order to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel, including, inter alia, by: (a) Requesting the Secretary-General to seek the inclusion of, and that host countries include, key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, among others, those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of United Nations operations, the establishment of such attacks as crimes punishable by law and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-missions and host country agreements negotiated between the United Nations and those countries, mindful of the importance of the timely conclusion of such agreements. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op.5(a) | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to the wilful impediment of humanitarian access and to attacks against humanitarian workers | Decides that the provisions [relating to travel bans and freezing of assets and economic resources] shall apply to individuals [and] entities, designated by the [Sanctions Committee] … (c) as obstructing the delivery of humanitarian assistance to [the affected State], or access to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance in [the affected State]. | S/RES/1844 (2008), op. 8 | See also, for example, S/RES/1727 (2006), op.12; S/RES/1296 (2000), op.15; and S/RES/1265 (1990), op.10. | Expresses its determination to take appropriate steps in order to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel, including, inter alia, by: … (b) Encouraging the Secretary-General, in accordance with his prerogatives under the Charter of the United Nations, to bring to the attention of the Security Council situations in which humanitarian assistance is denied as a consequence of violence directed against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel. | S/RES/1502 (2003), op.5(b) | D. Conduct of hostilities | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Condemns all violence and hostilities directed against civilians and all acts of terrorism. | S/RES/1860 (2009), op.5 | See also, for example, S/RES/1674 (2006), op.26; S/RES/1574 (2004), op.11; S/RES/1493 (2003), op.8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op.2; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op.2 and op.5. | [Demands] an end to attacks on civilians, from any quarter, including by aerial bombing, and the use of civilians as human shields. | S/RES/1828 (2008), pp.13 | Condemns in the strongest terms all attacks, including Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attacks, suicide attacks and abductions, targeting civilians … and condemns further the use by [non-State armed groups] of civilians as human shields. | S/RES/1806 (2008), op.12 | Recalls that deliberately targeting civilians and other protected persons as such in situations of armed conflict is a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law, reiterates its condemnation in the strongest terms of such practices, and demands that all parties immediately put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.3 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | [S]tresses the responsibility of all parties and armed groups in [the affected State] to take appropriate steps to protect the civilian population…, consistent with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular by avoiding any indiscriminate attacks on populated areas. | S/RES/1814 (2008), op.17 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), pp.13; S/RES/1806 (2008), op.13; S/RES/1801 (2008), op.13; S/RES/1794 (2007), op.7; S/RES/1776 (2007), pp.11; S/RES/1574 (2004), op.11; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp.10; S/RES/1493 (2003), op.8; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op.4. | Affirming the importance for all parties, including foreign forces, promoting the maintenance of security and stability in [the affected State] to act in accordance with international law, including relevant obligations under international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, and to cooperate with the relevant international organizations … and underscoring that all parties, including foreign forces, should take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of affected civilians. | S/RES/1790 (2007), pp.18 | Demands that all parties concerned comply strictly with their obligations under international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular those contained in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as the decisions of the Security Council. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.6 | Reporting | Emphasizes that … operations by [the national armed forces dealing with illegal foreign and national armed groups] should be planned jointly with [peacekeeping mission] and in accordance with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and should include appropriate measures to protect civilians, and requests the Secretary-General to include in his reports to the Council an assessment of the measures taken to protect civilians. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.7 | See also, for example, S/RES/1833 (2008), op.6; S/RES/1790 (2007), op.5; S/RES/1529 (2004), op.9. | [R]equests [the Secretary-General] to continue to include in his written reports to the Council on matters of which it is seized, as appropriate, observations relating to the protection of civilians in armed conflict. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.25 | E. Small arms and light weapons, mines and explosive remnants of war | Condemnation of illicit trade and supply of small arms | Notes that the excessive accumulation and destabilizing effect of small arms and light weapons pose a considerable impediment to the provision of humanitarian assistance and have a potential to exacerbate and prolong conflicts, endanger the lives of civilians and undermine security and the confidence required for a return to peace and stability. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.21 | See also, for example, S/RES/1265 (1999), op.17. | Call for compliance with international measures on small arms | Urges Members States, in accordance with the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Lights Weapons to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, to take effective action through, inter alia, conflict resolution and the development and implementation of national legislation, in a manner which is consistent with existing responsibilities of States under relevant international law, to control the illicit trade of small arms to parties in armed conflict that do not respect fully the relevant provisions of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1460 (2003), op.7 | See also, for example, S/RES/1209 (1998), op.3. | Calls for effective international action to prevent the illegal flow of small arms into areas of conflict. | S/RES/1318 (2000), op.VI (para.1) | Recognizes the deleterious impact of the proliferation of arms, in particular small arms, on the security of civilians, including refugees and other vulnerable populations, particularly children, and, in this regard, recalls resolution 1209 (1998) of 19 November 1998 which, inter alia, stresses the importance of all Member States, and in particular States involved in manufacturing and marketing of weapons, restricting arms transfers which could provoke or prolong armed conflicts or aggravate existing tensions or armed conflicts, and which urges international collaboration in combating illegal arms flows. | S/RES/1261 (1999), op.14 | [S]tresses the need to implement the United Nations Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects and the international instrument to enable States to identify and trace, in a timely manner, illicit small arms and light weapons, in order to make real progress in preventing, combating and eradicating the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. In particular, States are encouraged to strengthen physical security and stockpile management, destroy surplus and obsolete small arms and light weapons, ensure all small arms and light weapons are marked at the time of manufacture and import, and strengthen export and border controls and control brokering activities. | S/PRST/2007/24 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping missions and other relevant actors in preventing the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will have the mandate, within the limits of its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to assist [the affected State] in establishing a stable security environment in the country, and, to that end, to: … (h) Seize or collect, as appropriate, the arms and any related materiel whose presence in the territory of [the affected State] violates the measures imposed by [resolution imposing an arms embargo], and to dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op.2(h) | Decides that the mandate of [peacekeeping mission] … shall be the following: … (m) To monitor the implementation of the measures imposed by [resolution], in cooperation with the Group of Experts … and, as appropriate, with the [peacekeeping missions in neighbouring States] and Governments concerned, including by inspecting, as they deem it necessary and without notice, the cargo of aircraft and of any transport vehicle using the ports, airports, airfields, military bases and border crossings of [affected State]; (n) To collect, as appropriate, arms and any related materiel brought into [the affected State] in violation of the measures imposed by [resolution], and to dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate. | S/RES/1609 (2005), op.2 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Reaffirms its intention to consider imposing, through country-specific resolutions, targeted and graduated measures, such as, inter alia, a ban on the export and supply of small arms and light weapons and of other military equipment and on military assistance, against parties to situations of armed conflict which are on the Security Council’s agenda and are in violation of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.9 | Decides that all States shall … take the necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to [affected State], from their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms or any related materiel, in particular military aircraft and equipment, whether or not originating in their territories, as well as the provision of any assistance, advice or training related to military activities. | S/RES/1572 (2004), op.7 | Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the sale or supply to [the affected State], by their nationals or from their territories or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment and spare parts for the aforementioned, whether or not originating in their territories. | S/RES/1521 (2003), op.2(a) | Expresses its intention to consider taking appropriate steps, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to address the linkages between armed conflict and terrorism, the illicit trade in precious minerals, the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons, and other criminal activities, which can prolong armed conflict or intensify its impact on civilian populations, including children. | S/RES/1379 (2001), op.6 | International and regional cooperation in preventing the illicit trade and supply of small arms | Calls upon the countries of the region to reinforce their cooperation with the Security Council’s Committee and with the Group of Experts … in enforcing the arms embargo in [the affected State] and to combat cross-border trafficking of illicit small arms, light weapons and illicit natural resources as well as the movement of combatants, and reiterates its demand that [States in the region] take measures to prevent the use of their respective territories in support of the activities of armed groups present in the region. | S/RES/1653 (2006), op.16 | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that his [Special Representatives for neighbouring countries] coordinate the activities of [their respective missions], share military information at their disposal, in particular concerning cross-border movements of armed elements and arms trafficking, and pool their logistic and administrative resources, to an extent that does not affect the ability to carry out their respective mandates, in order to maximize efficiency and cost-effectiveness. | S/RES/1545 (2004), op.20 | Mine action and explosive remnants of war | Welcomes the continued contribution of [peacekeeping mission] to operational de-mining…, encourages further assistance in mine action by the United Nations to [the affected State] in support of both the continued development of its national mine action capacity and emergency de-mining activities … commends donor countries for supporting these efforts through financial and in-kind contributions and encourages further international contributions, takes note of the communication to [the affected State] and [peacekeeping mission] of maps and information on the location of mines and stresses the necessity to provide [the affected State] and [peacekeeping mission] with any additional maps and records on the location of mines. | S/RES/1525 (2004), op.9 | The Security Council expresses deepest worry at the presence in very high numbers of unexploded ordnance in [region of the affected country], including cluster munitions. It deplores the death and injury of dozens of civilians, as well as of several de-miners, caused by those munitions since the cessation of hostilities. It supports in this context the Secretary-General’s request to [party to conflict] to provide to the United Nations detailed data on its use of cluster munitions in [territory of the affected State]. | S/PRST/2007/12 | F. Compliance, accountability and the rule of law | Dissemination of, and training on, international humanitarian law and human rights law standards | Underlining the importance of the widest possible dissemination of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and of relevant training for, inter alia, civilian police, armed forces, members of the judicial and legal professions, civil society and personnel of international and regional organizations. | S/RES/1265 (1990), pp.8 | Calls on States which have not already done so to consider ratifying the major instruments of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and to take appropriate legislative, judicial and administrative measures to implement these instruments domestically, drawing on technical assistance, as appropriate, from relevant international organizations including the International Committee of the Red Cross and United Nations bodies. | S/RES/1265 (1990), op.5 | Promoting compliance through targeted and graduated measures | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. Decides that [these] provisions shall apply to … individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction and forced displacement. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op.9, 11, and 13(d) and (e) | See also, for example, S/RES/1727 (2006), op.12. | Decides … that those individuals … who … commit violations of international humanitarian or human rights law or other atrocities … shall be subject to the [following] measures: that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent entry into or transit through their territories of all persons as designated by [the Sanctions Committee]…, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall obligate a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals; that all States shall freeze all funds, financial assets and economic resources that are on their territories on the date of adoption of this resolution or at any time thereafter, that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons or by persons acting on their behalf or at their direction, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. | S/RES/1591 (2005), op.3(c) | Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures, for a period of twelve months, to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons … who constitute a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process in [the affected State], [including] any other person determined as responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law… provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals. | S/RES/1572 (2004), op.9 | Accountability | Reiterates its call upon the [national] authorities to put an end to impunity, including by bringing to justice without delay perpetrators of grave violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law, and to take into account when they select candidates for official positions, including key posts in the armed forces, national police and other security services, the candidates’ past actions in terms of respect for international humanitarian law and human rights. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op.12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), pp.8; S/RES/1826 (2008), pp.9; S/RES/1816 (2008), op.16; S/RES/1769 (2007), pp.12; S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp.5; S/RES/1577 (2004), op.2; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.19; S/RES/1564 (2004), pp.9 and op.7; S/RES/1556 (2004), pp.10 and op.6; S/RES/1479 (2003), op.8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op.2; S/RES/1296 (2000), op.17; S/RES/1291 (2000), op.15; S/RES/1289 (2000), op.17. | Emphasizes … the responsibility of States to comply with their relevant obligations to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law, while recognizing, for States in or recovering from armed conflict, the need to restore or build independent national judicial systems and institutions. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.8 | Strongly condemns the acts of violence systematically perpetrated against civilians, including the massacres, as well as other atrocities and violations of international humanitarian law and human rights, in particular, sexual violence against women and girls, stresses the need to bring to justice those responsible, including those at the command level, and urges all parties, including the [the affected State], to take all necessary steps to prevent further violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, in particular those committed against civilians. | S/RES/1493 (2003), op. 8 | Reaffirms that all parties to the conflict are bound to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and in particular the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and that persons who commit or order the commission of grave breaches of the Conventions are individually responsible in respect of such breaches. | S/RES/1193 (1998), op.12 | Establishment of ad hoc judicial mechanisms and commissions of inquiry | Reaffirms that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past abuses committed against civilians affected by armed conflict and to prevent future such abuses, draws attention to the full range of justice and reconciliation mechanisms to be considered, including national, international and “mixed” criminal courts and tribunals and truth and reconciliation commissions, and notes that such mechanisms can promote not only individual responsibility for serious crimes, but also peace, truth, reconciliation and the rights of the victims. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.6 | Requests that the Secretary-General rapidly establish an international commission of inquiry in order immediately to investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law … by all parties, to determine also whether or not acts of genocide have occurred, and to identify the perpetrators of such violations with a view to ensuring that those responsible are held accountable, calls on all parties to cooperate fully with such a commission. | S/RES/1564 (2004), op.12 | Emphasizes the responsibility of States to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law, affirms the possibility, to this end, of using the International Fact-Finding Commission established by Article 90 of the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions. | S/RES/1265 (1990), op.6 | Decides hereby, having received the request of [the affected State], to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory [of the affected State] and citizens [of the affected State] responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighboring States, between [dates]. | S/RES/955 (1994), op.1 | Decides hereby to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of [the affected State] between [dates]. | S/RES/827 (1993), op.2 | Referral of situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes to the International Criminal Court | Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, Decides to refer the situation … to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court; Decides that [the affected State] and all other parties to the conflict … shall cooperate fully with and provide any necessary assistance to the Court and the Prosecutor pursuant to this resolution and, while recognizing that States not party to the Rome Statute have no obligation under the Statute, urges all States and concerned regional and other international organizations to cooperate fully; Invites the Court and [relevant regional organization] to discuss practical arrangements that will facilitate the work of the Prosecutor and of the Court, including the possibility of conducting proceedings in the region, which would contribute to regional efforts in the fight against impunity; | S/RES/1593 (2005), op.1-3 | Restoration of the rule of law | [I]nvites [the affected State], with the assistance of the international community, to continue to work towards the establishment of a fair and transparent justice system, including the reconstruction and reform of the correctional system, in order to strengthen the rule of law throughout the country and eliminate impunity. | S/RES/1747 (2007), op.13 | Urging [the affected State] to undertake, in coordination with the international community, a comprehensive reform of the police, judiciary and correctional systems, to protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to end impunity. | S/RES/1702 (2006), pp.9 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning … include specific measures for the protection of civilians including the re-establishment of the rule of law. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping missions and other relevant actors in restoring the rule of law and promoting accountability | Decides that [the peacekeeping mission] will also have the mandate, in close cooperation with the [national authorities], the United Nations country team and donors, to support the strengthening of democratic institutions and the rule of law … and, to that end, to: … (c) Assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations with a view to putting an end to impunity, assist in the development and implementation of a transitional justice strategy, and cooperate in national and international efforts to bring to justice perpetrators of grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1756 (2007), op.3 | See also, for example, S/RES/1589 (2005), op.9; S/RES/1564 (2004), op.9; and S/RES/1528 (2004), op.6. | Decides that [peacekeeping mission], consistent with its existing mandate … [will] assist with the restructuring and maintenance of the rule of law, public safety and public order, will provide assistance and advice to the [national authorities], in consultation with relevant actors, in monitoring, restructuring, reforming and strengthening of the justice sector, including through technical assistance to review all relevant legislation, the provision of experts to serve as professional resources, the rapid identification and implementation of mechanisms to address prison overcrowding and prolonged pre-trial detention and the coordination and planning of these activities, and invites [the affected State] to take full advantage of that assistance. | S/RES/1702 (2006), op.14 | Encourages the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for [the affected State] and the independent expert of the Commission on Human Rights to work closely with [the affected State] in supporting independent investigation of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in [the region]. | S/RES/1547 (2004), op.14 | Underlines the importance of civilian police as a component of peacekeeping operations, recognizes the role of police in assuring the safety and well-being of civilians and, in this regard, acknowledges the need to enhance the capacity of the United Nations for the rapid deployment of qualified and well-trained civilian police. | S/RES/1265 (1990), op.15 | G. Media and information | Protection of journalists | Condemns intentional attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel, as such, in situations of armed conflict, and calls upon all parties to put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.1 | See also S/RES/1738 (2006), op.7. | Recalls … that journalists, media professionals and associated personnel engaged in dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered as civilians and shall be respected and protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely affecting their status as civilians. This is without prejudice to the right of war correspondents accredited to the armed forces to the status of prisoners of war provided for in article 4(A)(4) of the Third Geneva Convention. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.2 | Recalls … that media equipment and installations constitute civilian objects, and in this respect shall not be the object of attack or of reprisals, unless they are military objectives. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.3 | Urges States and all other parties to an armed conflict to do their utmost to prevent violations of international humanitarian law against civilians, including journalists, media professionals and associated personnel. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.6 | Countering incitement to violence | Reaffirms its condemnation of all incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict, further reaffirms the need to bring to justice, in accordance with applicable international law, individuals who incite such violence, and indicates its willingness, when authorizing missions, to consider, where appropriate, steps in response to media broadcast inciting genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.4 | Underlines that it is fully prepared to impose targeted measures against persons … who are determined to be, among other things: … (e) Inciting publicly hatred and violence. | S/RES/1727 (2006), op.12 | Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures, for a period of twelve months, to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons … who constitute a threat to the peace and national reconciliation process in [the affected State], [including] any other person who incites publicly hatred and violence … provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals. | S/RES/1572 (2004), op.9 | Reaffirms its condemnation of all incitements to violence against civilians in situations of armed conflict, further reaffirms the need to bring to justice individuals who incite or otherwise cause such violence, and indicates its willingness, when authorizing missions, to consider, where appropriate, steps in response to media broadcasts inciting genocide, crimes against humanity and serious violations of international humanitarian law. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.17 | Accurate management of information on the conflict | Urges all parties involved in situations of armed conflict to respect the professional independence and rights of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel as civilians. | S/RES/1738 (2006), op.8 | Affirms that, where appropriate, United Nations peacekeeping missions should include a mass-media component that can disseminate information about international humanitarian law and human rights law, including peace education and children’s protection, while also giving objective information about the activities of the United Nations, and further affirms that, where appropriate, regional peacekeeping operations should be encouraged to include such mass-media components. | S/RES/1269 (1999), op.18 | II. SPECIFIC PROTECTION CONCERNS ARISING FROM SECURITY COUNCIL DISCUSSIONS ON CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations against children | Strongly condemns the grave violations against children affected by armed violence, as well as widespread rape and other sexual abuse of girls… | S/RES/1840 (2008), op.17 | See also, for example, S/RES/1780 (2007), op.17; and S/RES/1493 (2003), op.13. | Expresses its strong concern about the recruitment and use of children by [opposition forces] … as well as the killing and maiming of children as a result of the conflict, [and] reiterates its strong condemnation of the recruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and all other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict. | S/RES/1806 (2008), op.14 | Reaffirms … its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international obligations with respect in particular to … (iii) violence against children, (iv) the recruitment and use of child soldiers … and demands that all parties put an end to such practices. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.5 | Strongly condemns the recruitment and use of child soldiers by parties to armed conflict in violation of international obligations applicable to them and all other violations and abuses committed against children in armed conflict. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.1 | Strongly condemns the recruitment and use of child soldiers by parties to armed conflict in violation of international obligations applicable to them, killing and maiming of children, rape and other sexual violence mostly committed against girls, abduction and forced displacement, denial of humanitarian access to children, attacks against schools and hospitals as well as trafficking, forced labour and all forms of slavery and all other violations and abuses committed against children affected by armed conflict. | S/RES/1539 (2004), op.1 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | [D]emands … that all armed groups … immediately stop recruiting and using children and release all children associated with them. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.3 | See also, for example, S/RES/1479 (2003), op.15; and S/RES/1296 (2000), op.10. | Calls upon all parties concerned to abide by the international obligations applicable to them relating to the protection of children affected by armed conflict as well as the concrete commitments they have made to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to UNICEF and other United Nations agencies and to cooperate fully with the United Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams … in the follow-up and implementation of these commitments. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.15 | [R]eiterates its call on parties to armed conflict [listed in the relevant Secretary-General’s report] that have not already done so to prepare and implement, without further delay, concrete time-bound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children in violation of applicable international law, and to address all violations and abuses against children in close cooperation with the [Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict], as well as with UNICEF and the UN Country Task Forces on Monitoring and Reporting. | S/PRST/2008/6 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | Decides to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection of children in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations, including the deployment, on a case-by-case basis, of child-protection advisers (CPAs), and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for and the number and roles of CPAs are systematically assessed during the preparation of each United Nations peacekeeping operation. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.12 | See also, for example, S/RES/1828 (2008), op.14; S/RES/1806 (2008), op.14; S/RES/1780 (2007), op.17; S/RES/1612 (2005), op.18; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.5(g); S/RES/1509 (2003), op.3; S/RES/1460 (2003), op.15; S/RES/1296 (2000), op.9; and S/RES/1265 (1990), op.13. | Welcomes recent initiatives by regional and sub-regional organizations and arrangements for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, and encourages continued mainstreaming of child protection into their advocacy, policies and programmes; development of peer review and monitoring and reporting mechanisms; establishment, within their secretariats, of child-protection mechanisms; inclusion of child-protection staff and training in their peace and field operations; sub- and inter-regional initiatives to end activities harmful to children in times of conflict, in particular cross-border recruitment and abduction of children, illicit movement of small arms, and illicit trade in natural resources through the development and implementation of guidelines on children and armed conflict. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.13 | Urges Member States, United Nations entities, regional and sub-regional organizations and other parties concerned, to take appropriate measures to control illicit sub-regional and cross-border activities harmful to children, including … abduction of children and their use and recruitment as soldiers as well as other violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international law. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.16 | Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations entities and financial institutions, to support the development and strengthening of the capacities of national institutions and local civil society networks for advocacy, protection and rehabilitation of children affected by armed conflict to ensure the sustainability of local child-protection initiatives. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.17 | Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that in all his reports to the Security Council on country-specific situations, the protection of children in armed conflict is included as a specific aspect of the report. | S/RES/1460 (2003), op.15 | The Security Council reiterates the need for stronger focus by all parties concerned, including Governments and the donor community, on the long-term effects of armed conflict on children and the impediments to their full rehabilitation and reintegration into their families and communities, through, inter alia, addressing the need for providing appropriate health care, enhancing their exchange of information about programmes and best practices, and ensuring the availability of adequate resources, funding and technical assistance to support national strategies or action plans in the area of child protection and welfare, and community-based programmes, bearing in mind the ‘Paris principles to protect children from unlawful recruitment by armed forces or groups’, with a view to ensuring the long-term sustainability and success of their programmatic response to the release, rehabilitation and reintegration of all children associated with armed forces and armed groups. | S/PRST/2008/28 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Reiterates the importance of compliance with relevant provisions of international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and of providing appropriate training in such law, including child and gender-related provisions, as well as in negotiation and communications skills, cultural awareness, civil-military coordination and sensitivity in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases, to personnel involved in peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building activities, requests the Secretary-General to disseminate appropriate guidance and to ensure that such United Nations personnel have the appropriate training, and urges relevant Member States, as necessary and feasible, to disseminate appropriate instructions and to ensure that appropriate training is included in their programs for personnel involved in similar activities. | S/RES/1296 (2000), op.19 | See also, for example, S/RES/1325 (2000), op.6; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op.14. | Children and peace processes | Calls on all concerned parties to ensure that the protection of children is addressed in the implementation of the [peace agreement], and requests the Secretary-General to ensure continued monitoring and reporting of the situation of children and continued dialogue with parties to the conflict towards the preparations of time-bound action plans to end recruitment and use of child soldiers and other violations against children. | S/RES/1769 (2007), op.17 | See also, for example, S/RES/1826 (2008), op.6; and S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11. | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that the protection, rights and well-being of children affected by armed conflict are specifically integrated into all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning and programs. | S/RES/1612 (2005), op.14 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to violations of applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law obligations relating to children | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities. [D]ecides that [these] provisions shall apply to … political and military leaders operating in the [affected State] and recruiting or using children in armed conflicts in violation of applicable international law; [and] individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op.9, 11, and 13(d) and (e) | III. SPECIFIC PROTECTION CONCERNS ARISING FROM SECURITY COUNCIL DISCUSSIONS ON WOMEN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT | Condemn, and call for the cessation of, violations against women and girls | Reiterating deep concern that, despite its repeated condemnation of violence against women and children in situations of armed conflict, including sexual violence in situations of armed conflict, and despite its calls addressed to all parties to armed conflict for the cessation of such acts with immediate effect, such acts continue to occur, and in some situations have become systematic and widespread, reaching appalling levels of brutality. | S/RES/1820 (2008), pp.8 | [S]trongly condemns continuing forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, stresses the importance of implementing Security Council resolution 1325... | S/RES/1806 (2008), op.28 | [S]trongly condemns all violations of international law committed against women and girls during and after armed conflicts, urges the complete cessation by all parties of such acts with immediate effect, and also urges Member States to bring to justice those responsible for crimes of this nature. | S/PRST/2008/39 | Call for compliance with applicable international humanitarian law and human rights law | Calls upon all parties to armed conflict to respect fully international law applicable to the rights and protection of women nd girls, especially as civilians, in particular the obligations applicable to them under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto of 1977, the Refugee Convention of 1951 and the Protocol thereto of 1967, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979 and the Optional Protocol thereto of 1999 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and the two Optional Protocols thereto of … 2000, and to bear in mind the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.9 | Women and the prevention and resolution of conflict | Calls upon all concerned parties to ensure that the protection of women and children is addressed in the implementation of the [political agreement] as well as the post-conflict reconstruction and recovery phases, including continued monitoring and reporting of the situation of women and children. | S/RES/1826 (2008), op.6 | Urges the Secretary-General and his Special Envoys to invite women to participate in discussions pertinent to the prevention and resolution of conflict, the maintenance of peace and security, and post-conflict peace building, and encourages all parties to such talks to facilitate the equal and full participation of women at decision-making levels. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.12 | Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure that all peace processes, peace agreements and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction planning have regard for the special needs of women. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.11 | Urges Member States to ensure increased representation of women at all decision-making levels in national, regional and international institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.1 | Calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: (a) The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; (b) Measures that support local women’s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementation mechanisms of the peace agreements; (c) Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.8 | Expresses its willingness to ensure that Security Council missions take into account gender considerations and the rights of women, including through consultation with local and international women’s groups. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.15 | Role of United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions and actors | [R]equests the Secretary-General to ensure, as appropriate, that resolutions 1325 and 1820 are implemented by [the peacekeeping mission] and to include information on this in his report[s]. | S/RES/1828 (2008), op.15 | See also, for example, S/RES/1590 (2005), op.15; S/RES/1528 (2004), op.6(n); S/RES/1325 (2000), op.5 and op.7; and S/PRST/2007/40. | Requests the Secretary-General to develop effective guidelines and strategies to enhance the ability of relevant UN peacekeeping operations, consistent with their mandates, to protect civilians, including women and girls, from all forms of sexual violence and to systematically include in his written reports to the Council on conflict situations his observations concerning the protection of women and girls and recommendations in this regard. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.9 | Requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations agencies, inter alia, through consultation with women and women-led organizations as appropriate, to develop effective mechanisms for providing protection from violence, including in particular sexual violence, to women and girls in and around UN managed refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as in all disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes, and in justice and security sector reform efforts assisted by the United Nations. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.10 | Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations entities and financial institutions, to support the development and strengthening of the capacities of national institutions, in particular of judicial and health systems, and of local civil society networks in order to provide sustainable assistance to victims of sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.13 | Urges appropriate regional and sub-regional bodies in particular to consider developing and implementing policies, activities, and advocacy for the benefit of women and girls affected by sexual violence in armed conflict. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.14 | Requests [peacekeeping mission], in view of the scale and severity of sexual violence committed especially by armed elements in [country], to undertake a thorough review of its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual violence, and to pursue a comprehensive mission-wide strategy, in close cooperation with the United Nations Country Team and other partners, to strengthen prevention, protection, and response to sexual violence, including through training for the [national] security forces in accordance with its mandate, and to regularly report, including in a separate annex if necessary, on actions taken in this regard, including factual data and trend analyses of the problem. | S/RES/1794 (2007), op.18 | Condemns in the strongest terms all sexual and other forms of violence committed against civilians in armed conflict, in particular women and children, and undertakes to ensure that all peace support operations employ all feasible measures to prevent such violence and to address its impact where it takes place. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.19 | Decides that [peacekeeping mission] will … assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and … cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice, while working closely with the relevant [United Nations] agencies. | S/RES/1565 (2004), op.5(g) | Further urges the Secretary-General to seek to expand the role and contribution of women in United Nations field-based operations, and especially among military observers, civilian police, human rights and humanitarian personnel. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.4 | Notes the importance of including in the mandates of peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building operations special protection and assistance provisions for groups requiring particular attention, including women and children. | S/RES/1265 (1990), op.13 | Training for peacekeeping personnel | Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Security Council, the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and its Working Group and relevant States, as appropriate, to develop and implement appropriate training programs for all peacekeeping and humanitarian personnel deployed by the United Nations in the context of missions as mandated by the Council to help them better prevent, recognize and respond to sexual violence and other forms of violence against civilians. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.6 | See also, for example, S/RES/1296 (2000), op.19; and S/RES/1265 (1999), op.14. | Encourages troop and police contributing countries, in consultation with the Secretary-General, to consider steps they could take to heighten awareness and the responsiveness of their personnel participating in UN peacekeeping operations to protect civilians, including women and children, and prevent sexual violence against women and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations, including wherever possible the deployment of a higher percentage of women peacekeepers or police. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.8 | Requests the Secretary-General to provide to Member States training guidelines and materials on the protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peace-building measures, invites Member States to incorporate these elements as well as HIV/AIDS awareness training into their national training programs for military and civilian police personnel in preparation for deployment, and further requests the Secretary-General to ensure that civilian personnel of peacekeeping operations receive similar training. | S/RES/1325 (2000), op.6 | Condemn and call for the cessation of sexual violence | Demands that the parties to the conflict immediately take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and children, from all forms of sexual violence, in line with resolution 1820. | S/RES/1828 (2008), op.15 | See also, for example, S/RES/1674 (2006), op.19; S/RES/1591 (2005), pp.10; S/RES/1545 (2004), pp.8; S/RES/1468 (2003), op. 2; and S/RES/1325 (2000), op.10. | Demands the immediate and complete cessation by all parties to armed conflict of all acts of sexual violence against civilians with immediate effect. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.2 | Demands that all parties to armed conflict immediately take appropriate measures to protect civilians, including women and girls, from all forms of sexual violence, which could include, inter alia, enforcing appropriate military disciplinary measures and upholding the principle of command responsibility, training troops on the categorical prohibition of all forms of sexual violence against civilians, debunking myths that fuel sexual violence, vetting armed and security forces to take into account past actions of rape and other forms of sexual violence, and evacuation of women and children under imminent threat of sexual violence to safety; and requests the Secretary-General, where appropriate, to encourage dialogue to address this issue in the context of broader discussions of conflict resolution between appropriate UN officials and the parties to the conflict, taking into account, inter alia, the views expressed by women of affected local communities. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.3 | Reaffirms also its condemnation in the strongest terms of all acts of violence or abuses committed against civilians in situations of armed conflict in violation of applicable international obligations with respect in particular to … gender-based and sexual violence. | S/RES/1674 (2006), op.5 | Targeted and graduated measures as a response to violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law obligations relating to women | Affirms its intention, when establishing and renewing state-specific sanctions regimes, to take into consideration the appropriateness of targeted and graduated measures against parties to situations of armed conflict who commit rape and other forms of sexual violence against women and girls in situations of armed conflict. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.5 | All States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by [the Sanctions Committee]… Decides that all States shall, during the period of enforcement of the measures…, immediately freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories from the date of adoption of this resolution, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by persons or entities designated by [the Sanctions Committee], or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by them or by any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction…, and decides further that all States shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories, to or for the benefit of such persons or entities; [D]ecides that [these] provisions shall apply to … individuals operating in the [affected State] and committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict. | S/RES/1807 (2008), op.9, 11, and 13(d) and (e) | Accountability for the perpetrators of sexual violence | Notes that rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, or a constitutive act with respect to genocide, stresses the need for the exclusion of sexual violence crimes from amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution processes, and calls upon Member States to comply with their obligations for prosecuting persons responsible for such acts, to ensure that all victims of sexual violence, particularly women and girls, have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, and stresses the importance of ending impunity for such acts as part of a comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace, justice, truth, and national reconciliation. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.4 | See also, for example, S/RES/1591 (2005), pp.10; S/RES/1493 (2003), op.8; and S/RES/1468 (2003), op.2. | Condemning in particular sexual violence perpetrated by [militias and armed groups as well as elements of the national armed and police forces] and other security and intelligence services, stressing the urgent need for the [the affected State], in cooperation with [peacekeeping mission] and other relevant actors, to end such violence and bring the perpetrators, as well as the senior commanders under whom they serve, to justice, and calling on Member States to assist in this regard and to continue to provide medical, humanitarian and other assistance to victims. | S/RES/1794 (2007), pp.14 | Sexual exploitation and abuse | Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to implement the policy of zero tolerance of sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping operations; and urges troop and police contributing countries to take appropriate preventative action, including pre-deployment and in-theatre awareness training, and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel. | S/RES/1820 (2008), op.7 | See also, for example, S/RES/1840 (2008), op.22; S/RES/1674 (2006), op.20; S/RES/1565 (2004), op.25; S/RES/1460 (2003), op.10; and S/RES/1436 (2002), op.15. | Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to achieve actual compliance in [peacekeeping mission] with the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, including the development of strategies and appropriate mechanisms to prevent, identify and respond to all forms of misconduct, including sexual exploitation and abuse, and the enhancement of training for personnel to prevent misconduct and ensure full compliance with the United Nations code of conduct, and to further take all necessary action in accordance with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13) and to keep the Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment awareness training and … post-deployment awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel. | S/RES/1769 (2007), op.16

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