Protection of Civilians and Upholding Legal and Humanitarian Obligations

A/RES/ES-10/27View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 5 Illegal Israeli actions in occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, published in 2025.

What other versions does this mandate have?

3 versions · 2023–2025

Year	Symbol	Title	Word length	Text similarity
2025	A/RES/ES-10/27	Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations	2,400	6%Compare
2023	A/RES/ES-10/22	Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations	214	13%Compare
2023	A/RES/ES-10/21	Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations	1,070	–

What subjects does this mandate have?

13 subjects

Ceasefires Gaza Strip Hostages Human Rights in Armed Conflicts Humanitarian Assistance International Humanitarian Law International Law Israel Middle East Situation Palestine Question Relief Personnel Territories Occupied by Israel Troop Withdrawal

What’s in this document?

21 operative paragraphs

Demands an immediate, unconditional and permanent ceasefire, to be respected by all parties;

Recalls its demand for the immediate, dignified and unconditional release of all hostages held by Hamas and other groups;

Demands that the parties fully, unconditionally and without delay implement all the provisions of Security Council resolution 2735 (2024) of 10 June 2024, including an immediate ceasefire, the release of hostages, the return of the remains of hostages who have been killed, the exchange of Palestinian prisoners, the return of Palestinian civilians to their homes and neighbourhoods in all areas of the Gaza Strip and the full withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip;

Also demands that all parties to the conflict comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, in particular with regard with the conduct of hostilities and the protection of civilians, and stresses the need for accountability for violations by all parties;

Strongly condemns any use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access, and stresses the obligation not to deprive civilians in the Gaza Strip of objects indispensable to their survival, including by wilfully impeding relief supplies and access;

Stresses that an occupying Power is obliged under international law to ensure that humanitarian aid reaches all the population in need, and demands the immediate and permanent facilitation of full, rapid, safe and unhindered entry of humanitarian assistance at scale, including food and medical supplies, to and throughout the Gaza Strip and its delivery to all Palestinian civilians, as well as fuel, equipment, shelter and access to clean water, in accordance with international humanitarian law, with full respect for the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, in coordination with the United Nations;

Demands that the parties fully comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, in relation to persons they detain, including through the immediate, dignified and unconditional release of all those arbitrarily detained and the return of all human remains;

Recalls its decision, in its resolution 79/232 of 19 December 2024, to request the International Court of Justice, on a priority basis and with the utmost urgency, to render an advisory opinion on the obligations of Israel, as an occupying Power and as a member of the United Nations, in relation to the presence and activities of the United Nations, including its agencies and bodies, other international organizations and third States, in and in relation to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including to ensure and facilitate the unhindered provision of urgently needed supplies essential to the survival of the Palestinian civilian population as well as of basic services and humanitarian and development assistance, for the benefit of the Palestinian civilian population, and in support of the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination;

Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, immediately end the blockade, open all border crossings and ensure that aid reaches the Palestinian civilian population throughout the Gaza Strip immediately and at scale, in line with its obligations under international law and humanitarian principles;

Stresses the need for accountability in order to ensure Israel’s respect of international law obligations, and in this regard calls upon all Member States to individually and collectively take all measures necessary, in line with international law and the Charter of the United Nations, to ensure compliance by Israel with its obligations;

Calls upon all Member States scrupulously to respect the privileges and immunities of all officials of the United Nations, the specialized agencies and related organizations and to refrain from any acts that would impede such officials in the performance of their functions, thereby seriously affecting the proper functioning of the Organization;

Calls upon all States to respect and protect humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, including national and locally recruited personnel, in accordance with their obligations under international law;

Stresses the obligation, in accordance with international humanitarian law and national laws and regulations, as applicable, to respect and protect medical personnel, as well as humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical facilities, in all circumstances;

Also stresses the obligation of the parties to armed conflict to respect and protect civilians and to exercise constant care to spare civilian objects, including objects necessary for food production and distribution, and to refrain from attacking, destroying, removing or rendering useless objects that are indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, and to respect and protect humanitarian personnel and consignments used for humanitarian relief operations, in accordance with the relevant provisions of international law;

Welcomes and expresses support for the United Nations-Coordinated Plan to Resume Humanitarian Aid Deliveries to Gaza;

Reiterates its call to all States and the specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people;

Underscores that the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East remains the backbone of the humanitarian response in the Gaza Strip, rejects actions that undermine the implementation of the mandate of the Agency, welcomes the commitment of the Secretary-General and the Agency to fully implement the recommendations of the Independent Review of Mechanisms and Procedures to Ensure Adherence by UNRWA to the Humanitarian Principle of Neutrality (Colonna Report), also welcomes the commission by the Secretary-General of a strategic assessment in order to review the Agency’s impact, implementation of its mandate under present political, financial, security and other constraints and consequences and risks for Palestine refugees, and calls upon all parties to enable the Agency to carry out its mandate, as adopted by the General Assembly, in all areas of operation, with full respect for the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, and to respect international humanitarian law, including the protection of United Nations and humanitarian facilities;

Welcomes the League of Arab States-Organization of Islamic Cooperation recovery and reconstruction plan as the basis to address the horrific humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, calls upon all Member States, the United Nations and international donors to cooperate and provide assistance to ensure the effective implementation of the plan, with a leading role for the Palestinian Authority, and encourages the international community to participate in the international conference that Egypt plans to convene to address recovery and reconstruction in the Gaza Strip;

Reiterates its unwavering commitment to the two-State solution, with the Gaza Strip as part of the Palestinian State and where two democratic States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side in peace and security within their secure and internationally recognized borders, in accordance with international law and the relevant United Nations resolutions, and in this regard firmly rejects attempts at demographic and territorial change in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as well as all measures violating the historic status quo of the holy sites of the city, reiterates its unequivocal rejection of actions that aim at forcibly displacing the Palestinian people and at unlawfully seizing Palestinian territory, including any such actions in the Gaza Strip, and demands the immediate and complete cessation of such actions, condemns all plans of individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory, demands an immediate halt to all settlement construction, expansion, land confiscation, home demolitions, forced evictions and settler violence in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and calls for immediate and concrete steps to preserve the territorial integrity of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and towards unifying the Gaza Strip with the West Bank under the Palestinian Authority;

Reaffirms the permanent responsibility of the United Nations with regard to the question of Palestine until it is resolved in all its aspects in accordance with international law and the relevant United Nations resolutions;

Decides to adjourn the tenth emergency special session temporarily and to authorize the President of the General Assembly at its most recent session to resume its meeting upon request from Member States.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What other versions does this mandate have?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

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