Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Contribution to Sustainable Development

A/RES/78/155View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 18f Convention on Biological Diversity, published in 2023.

What other versions does this mandate have?

14 versions · 2013–2025

This is an older version — the most recent is A/RES/80/140

Year	Symbol	Title	Word length	Text similarity
2025	A/RES/80/140	Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its contribution to sustainable development	5,932	72%Compare
2024	A/RES/79/208	Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its contribution to sustainable development	5,938	82%Compare
2023	A/RES/78/155	Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its contribution to sustainable development	5,919	52%Compare
2022	A/RES/77/167	Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its contribution to sustainable development	6,811	46%Compare
2022	A/RES/76/207	Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its contribution to sustainable development	6,043	91%Compare

What subjects does this mandate have?

6 subjects

Biological Diversity Conferences Covid-19 Resources Conservation Sustainable Development Technology Transfer

What’s in this document?

49 operative paragraphs

Takes note of the report of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity;²⁵

²⁵A/78/209, sect. III.

Welcomes the convening of the first part of the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the Meetings of the Parties to the Protocols to the Convention, held in Kunming, China, from 11 to 15 October 2021 under the theme proposed by the Presidency “Ecological civilization: building a shared future for all life on Earth”, and the second part, held in Montreal, Canada, under the presidency of China, from 7 to 19 December 2022, with the support of Canada, and its outcomes, looks forward to the sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties and the meetings of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meetings of the Parties to the Protocols to the Convention, and encourages all Parties in a position to do so to consider hosting;

Also welcomes the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to contribute to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,²⁶ to the 2030 mission to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and to place the global community on a path towards realizing the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity, and urges Parties and invites other Governments, with the support of United Nations entities and the participation of all other stakeholders, to ensure the early, inclusive and effective implementation of the Framework and all other decisions adopted by the Parties;

²⁶Resolution 70/1.

Calls for the provision and mobilization of new and additional means of implementation to support the full implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and further emphasizes the importance of urgently increasing the mobilization of financial resources from all sources, domestic and international, public and private, with a view to closing the biodiversity financing gap and making adequate and predictable resources available in a timely manner for the effective implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;

Welcomes the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its fifteenth meeting of the strategy for resource mobilization for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in support of the achievement of the three objectives of the Convention;

Emphasizes that the successful implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework requires responsibility and transparency, which will be supported by effective mechanisms for planning, monitoring, reporting and review, including through revising or updating national biodiversity strategies and action plans, in alignment with the Framework, its goals and its targets, in line with decision 15/6 adopted at the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties;

Requests the continuation of efforts made by the secretariat of the Convention, parties to the Convention and the Global Environment Facility, as the financial mechanism of the Convention, in conjunction with United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, as well as other entities, in organizing capacity-building activities to support countries in the updating of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, with a view to enhancing capacity and addressing the need for human, technical and financial resources to implement the Convention and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, in particular for developing countries;

Welcomes the establishment by the Global Environment Facility of the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund to support the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;

Calls for continued capitalization and timely operationalization of the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund commensurate with the targets of the Framework, from all sources, including, inter alia, international financial resources from developed countries, philanthropic organizations and the private sector, and to progress towards implementation as soon as possible;

Welcomes the decision to establish, as part of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, a multilateral mechanism for benefit-sharing from the use of digital sequence information on genetic resources, including a global fund, and recognizing the ongoing process towards its operationalization;

Acknowledges the important roles and contributions of Indigenous Peoples and local communities as custodians of biodiversity and as partners in its conservation, restoration and sustainable use, stresses that the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework must ensure that the rights, knowledge, including traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity, innovations, world views, values and practices of Indigenous Peoples and local communities are respected, and documented and preserved with their free, prior and informed consent,²⁷ including through their full and effective participation in decision-making, in accordance with relevant national legislation, international instruments, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and human rights law, and takes note with appreciation of the goal of providing up to 20 per cent of the programming share of the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund by 2030 to support action by Indigenous Peoples and local communities for the conservation, restoration, sustainable use and management of biodiversity;

²⁷In this framework, free, prior and informed consent refers to the tripartite terminology of “prior and informed consent” or “free, prior and informed consent” or “approval and involvement”.

Welcomes the political declaration adopted by the high-level political forum on sustainable development convened under the auspices of the General Assembly (Sustainable Development Goals Summit),²⁸ held in New York on 18 and 19 September 2023, and urges timely action to ensure its full implementation;

²⁸Resolution 78/1.

Urges parties to the Convention to ensure the coherence and complementarity of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework with other existing or upcoming international processes, in particular with regard to the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement and other related processes, frameworks and strategies, and reiterates the invitation to the other multilateral environmental agreements, including biodiversity-related conventions and the Rio conventions, relevant international organizations and their programmes, and other relevant processes to actively participate in their implementation;

Encourages support for the Sharm el-Sheikh to Kunming Action Agenda for Nature and People, which is aimed at collecting, coordinating and celebrating actions in support of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use, encourages all relevant stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples and local communities and the private sector, to consider developing biodiversity commitments, and invites relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other relevant institutions and intergovernmental organizations, where relevant, to support the implementation of the Action Agenda;

Urges parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and all other relevant stakeholders to mainstream biodiversity into COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, to fully implement and support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other international development goals, including by strengthening approaches to enhance resilience, protecting wild flora and fauna and other living species reversing the trends in environmental degradation, through the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of ecosystems, sustainably managing water resources at all levels, preventing the retreat of mountain glaciers and permafrost thaw, sustainably managing all types of forests and halting deforestation and forest degradation, as well as by integrating the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization into relevant national decision-making, emphasizes that biodiversity and health linkages should be addressed holistically, including through a biodiversity-inclusive One Health approach, among other approaches, and recalls in this regard decision 14/4 of 30 November 2018 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and resolutions 3/4 of 30 January 2018, 5/1 of 2 March 2022 and 5/6 of 7 March 2022 of the United Nations Environment Assembly;²⁹

²⁹UNEP/EA.3/Res.4, UNEP/EA.5/Res.1 and UNEP/EA.5/Res.6.

Notes that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing inequalities and challenges for the implementation of the Convention and further highlighted that the loss and degradation of biodiversity increases the risk of zoonotic disease spillover from wildlife to people and that biodiversity should continue to be mainstreamed in COVID-19 recovery plans and in plans aimed at reducing the risk of future pandemics, emphasizes the importance of a One Health approach and other holistic approaches that deliver multiple benefits to the health and well-being of people, and planet, that would further strengthen the capacity to address biodiversity loss, prevent and respond to the emergence of diseases, including zoonotic infections, and future pandemics, and contribute to reducing the adverse impacts of climate change, calls for transformative actions from all relevant stakeholders and adequate and sufficient means of implementation, particularly for developing countries, to ensure the full implementation of the Convention to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, and welcomes the financial commitments and initiatives that have been announced from governments, organizations and the private sector that contribute to biodiversity conservation, restoration and sustainable use and maintain the political momentum for the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;

Notes with concern the limited progress made in the implementation of the three objectives of the Convention, namely, the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources;

Recalls with appreciation the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity on 12 October 2014, and notes with particular concern the limited progress made in the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol;

Notes the limited progress made in mainstreaming article 8 (j) of the Convention and related provisions into various areas of work under the Convention, takes note with appreciation of decision 15/10 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention to develop a new programme of work on article 8 (j) and other provisions of the Convention related to Indigenous Peoples and local communities aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and in this regard invites the secretariat of the Convention, through the Secretary-General, to report on the progress made by the Ad Hoc Open-ended Inter-sessional Working Group on Article 8 (j) and related provisions when reporting on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly;

Encourages the respective parties, in close collaboration with relevant stakeholders, to take concrete measures towards achieving the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Protocols thereto, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagoya Protocol, requests the parties, in close collaboration with relevant stakeholders, to coherently and efficiently implement the obligations and commitments under the Convention and the Protocols, and in this regard emphasizes the need to comprehensively address at all levels the difficulties that may impede their implementation;

Reaffirms the importance of continuing to pursue more efficient and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention, and calls upon parties and stakeholders to strengthen international cooperation measures for the fulfilment of obligations contained in the Convention;

Highlights the importance of parties raising high-level political engagement for the achievement of the objectives of the Convention and the related Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda;

Invites all parties, relevant departments of the Secretariat, the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and the regional commissions to continue to contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the Convention;

Notes the important role of the United Nations Environment Management Group in enhancing inter-agency coordination to support the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;

Stresses the importance of mainstreaming biodiversity for achieving the objectives of the Convention, the 2050 Vision and 2030 mission for Biodiversity in order to achieve the transformational change required throughout societies and economies, including changes in behaviour and decision-making at all levels, and urges all relevant stakeholders to mainstream biodiversity in all relevant sectors;

Calls upon Governments and all stakeholders to take appropriate measures to mainstream consideration of the socioeconomic impacts and benefits of the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and its components, as well as ecosystems that provide essential services, into relevant programmes and policies at all levels, in accordance with national legislation, circumstances and priorities;

Stresses the importance of mainstreaming biodiversity in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda as part of national implementation plans for the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular all biodiversity-related Goals and targets;

Recognizes that integrating biodiversity considerations into sectoral and cross-sectoral policies, plans and programmes at all levels is critical for harnessing the benefits of enhanced synergies and policy coherence;

Stresses the critical importance of mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society in order to achieve the objectives of the Convention, and the urgent need to mainstream biodiversity in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;

Welcomes the decisions of the parties to the Convention to better mainstream biodiversity and to take specific actions tailored to national needs and circumstances, and in line with other relevant international agreements, including in key sectors, such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism, as well as health, energy, mining, infrastructure, manufacturing and processing sectors, which are crucial for addressing biodiversity loss, bearing in mind the impact of these sectors on biodiversity;

Recalls its resolution 77/321 of 1 August 2023 entitled “Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction”;

Emphasizes the importance of ending illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and welcomes the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies reached at the Twelfth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization;

Notes the critical role of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services for climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction, including by adding resilience to fragile ecosystems and making them less vulnerable, and that continued climate change will have predominantly adverse and often irreversible impacts on many ecosystems and their functions and services, with significant negative social, cultural and economic consequences;

Urges the parties to the Convention to facilitate the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms for the effective implementation of the Convention in accordance with article 16 and other relevant provisions of the Convention, and in this regard welcomes the decision to establish an informal advisory group on technical and scientific cooperation, to provide strategic advice on practical measures, tools and opportunities to promote and facilitate technical and scientific cooperation in accordance with the terms of reference contained in annex III to decision 15/8 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;

Urges parties and invites other Governments and relevant organizations to recognize the important role of, and to promote, science, technology and innovation in supporting the implementation of the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework towards achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity of living in harmony with nature;

Welcomes decision 15/11 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, entitled “Gender Plan of Action”, which recognizes the importance of advancing efforts to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls and of supporting and advancing gender mainstreaming and gender-responsive implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and encourages parties to promote the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in developing, implementing and revising their national, and where appropriate, regional and subnational biodiversity strategies and action plans and equivalent instruments in implementing the three objectives of the Convention, and also recognizes the need to enhance cooperation on capacity-building in order to support parties in this process;

Invites countries that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention;

Invites parties to the Convention to ratify or accede to the Nagoya Protocol, and invites the Executive Secretary of the Convention and the Global Environment Facility, within its mandate as the financial mechanism of the Convention, in collaboration with relevant organizations, to continue to support capacity-building and development activities to support the ratification and implementation of the Protocol;

Also invites parties to the Convention to consider, as appropriate, ratifying or acceding to the Cartagena Protocol;

Invites parties to the Cartagena Protocol to consider, as appropriate, ratifying or acceding to the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety;

Stresses the urgent need to halt the global decline of biodiversity, which is unprecedented in human history, including its main indirect and direct drivers, in particular changes in land and sea use, direct exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution and invasion of alien species;

Notes the findings of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in its assessment report on the diverse values and valuation of nature, and stresses that achieving a sustainable and just future requires institutions that enable a recognition and integration of the diverse values of nature and nature’s contributions to people, and that the transformative change needed to address the global biodiversity crisis relies on shifting away from predominant values that currently overemphasize short-term and individual material gains to nurturing sustainability-aligned values across society;

Takes note of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services assessment reports on the sustainable use of wild species and on invasive alien species and their control, and stresses that the impacts of invasive alien species are increasing rapidly and are predicted to continue rising in the future, whereas they can be prevented and mitigated through effective management, with closer collaboration across sectors and countries;

Notes that increasing investments in nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based approaches and other management and conservation approaches, in line with resolution 5/5 of the United Nations Environment Assembly, has the potential to cost-effectively support biodiversity conservation, restoration and its sustainable use, to help advance climate mitigation and adaptation and to reduce adverse impacts of climate change and to slow, halt and even reverse some aspects of biodiversity and ecosystem loss, and therefore invites all relevant stakeholders to consider the opportunities it presents;

Stresses the importance of engaging Indigenous Peoples and local communities, women, youth, civil society, local governments and authorities, academia, the business and financial sectors and other relevant stakeholders to support action towards the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity and the three objectives of the Convention, and invites them to align their practices more explicitly with the objectives of the Convention, including through partnerships, in accordance with national legislation, circumstances and priorities;

Encourages the private sector, in particular business and financial institutions, to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production, in this regard stresses the importance of the work of the Global Partnership for Business and Biodiversity, and notes other related and complementary initiatives;

Notes the ongoing work of the Joint Liaison Group of the secretariats and offices of the relevant subsidiary bodies of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention to Combat Desertification and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Liaison Group of Biodiversity-related Conventions, acknowledges the importance of improving coherence in the implementation of those conventions, recognizes the importance of enhancing synergies among the biodiversity-related conventions and agreements, without prejudice to their specific objectives, in this regard notes the contribution of the United Nations Environment Assembly, as reflected in its resolution 2/17 of 27 May 2016,³⁰ and the outcomes of its fourth session, held in Nairobi from 11 to 15 March 2019,³¹ in particular its ministerial declaration, and encourages the conferences of the parties to the biodiversity-related multilateral environmental agreements to consider strengthening efforts in this regard, taking into account relevant experiences and bearing in mind their respective independent legal status and mandates;

³⁰See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/71/25), annex.

³¹Ibid., Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/74/25), annex I.

Reaffirms the commitment at the very heart of the 2030 Agenda to leave no one behind and commit to taking more tangible steps to support people in vulnerable situations and the most vulnerable countries and to reach the furthest behind first;

Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its seventy-ninth session, a report on the implementation of the present resolution, progress in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Convention on Biological Diversity”.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What other versions does this mandate have?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

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