Follow-Up to the 2nd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries

A/RES/75/228View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 23b Follow-up to the 2nd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, published in 2020.

What other versions does this mandate have?

11 versions · 2016–2025

This is an older version — the most recent is A/RES/80/151

Year	Symbol	Title	Word length	Text similarity
2025	A/RES/80/151	Follow-up to the 3rd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries	5,529	14%Compare
2024	A/RES/79/219	Follow-up to the 3rd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries	1,384	16%Compare
2023	A/RES/78/163	Follow-up to the 2nd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries	5,371	72%Compare
2023	A/RES/77/246	Follow-up to the 2nd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries	5,377	51%Compare
2022	A/RES/76/217	Follow-up to the 2nd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries	3,215	83%Compare

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

7 reports · 2020–2026

Year	Symbol	Title	Mandate resolution
2026	A/81/271	Follow-up to the 3rd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/80/151
2025	A/80/336	Follow-up to the 3rd United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/79/219
2024	A/79/237	Implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/78/163
2023	A/78/283	Implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/77/246
2022	A/77/269	Implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/76/217

What subjects does this mandate have?

6 subjects

Landlocked Developing Countries Programme Implementation Sustainable Development Transit Countries Transport Facilitation Transport Infrastructure

What’s in this document?

26 operative paragraphs

Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024;⁹

⁹A/75/285.

Recalls the convening of the comprehensive high-level midterm review of the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024 in New York on 5 and 6 December 2019 and the High-Level Political Declaration, in which all the relevant stakeholders are called upon to commit to the accelerated implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action;

Underlines the need to give particular attention to the concerns and specific challenges of landlocked developing countries in all relevant major United Nations conferences and processes;

Recalls the convening of the regional review meetings in preparation for the comprehensive high-level midterm review of the Vienna Programme of Action for the Euro-Asia region in Bangkok on 11 and 12 February 2019, for the Africa region in Marrakech, Morocco, on 18 and 19 March 2019 and for the Latin America region in Santiago on 11 and 12 June 2019;

Calls upon the landlocked developing countries and transit countries to enhance cross-border collaboration by minimizing disruptions to international transport, eliminating trade restrictions and facilitating free movement of, primarily, essential goods such as food, medical supplies and personal protection equipment, consistent with World Trade Organization rules, undertaking coordinated interventions, in particular at the regional level, ensuring the transparency and availability of information about import, export and transit procedures, making use of trade facilitation standards and digital technologies such as the electronic exchange of information and paperless solutions, calls for sustainable, inclusive, affordable and resilient regional and global value chains and transport systems and gender-responsive services to and from landlocked developing countries to help them to respond effectively to the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent future disruptions of a similar nature, and invites development partners, and relevant international, regional and subregional organizations to enhance support to landlocked developing countries and transit countries in implementing the relevant international trade and transport facilitation conventions;¹⁰

¹⁰Including the Customs Convention on Containers (Geneva, 2 December 1972), the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles (Geneva, 18 May 1956), the Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods under Cover of TIR Carnets (Geneva, 14 November 1975), the International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods (Geneva, 21 October 1982) and the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Facilitation (2013).

Invites the landlocked developing countries, transit countries, their development partners, the United Nations system and all other actors to implement the relevant actions, consistent with national priorities, agreed upon in the Vienna Programme of Action in its six priority areas in a coordinated, coherent and expeditious manner;

Invites Member States that have not yet done so to mainstream the Vienna Programme of Action into their national and sectoral development strategies in order to ensure its effective implementation, and encourages development partners, the United Nations system and the relevant international and regional organizations to continue to provide technical support, within their respective mandates, to the landlocked developing countries in their efforts to mainstream the Vienna Programme of Action and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development¹¹ into their national development strategies;

¹¹Resolution 70/1.

Stresses that the harmonization, simplification and standardization of rules and documentation should be promoted, including the full and effective implementation of international conventions on transport and transit and bilateral, subregional and regional agreements, and invites Member States that have not joined the existing conventions to consider the possibility of accession;

Calls upon the landlocked developing countries and transit countries, in a coordinated manner, to develop and upgrade international transport and transit corridors encompassing all modes of transportation, including roads, railroads, inland waterways, ports and pipelines, to address the special development needs and challenges of landlocked developing countries;

Encourages multilateral financial and development institutions and multilateral development banks, including regional banks, in collaboration with other stakeholders, including the private sector, to make investments in addressing gaps in renewable energy, information and communications technology, e-commerce, trade, transport and transit-related regional infrastructure;

Calls for the full and timely implementation of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation annexed to the Protocol amending the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, and in this regard urges members and relevant international and regional organizations to continue to provide and enhance technical and capacity-building assistance, particularly for the effective implementation of the provisions of articles on the release and clearance of goods, border agency cooperation, formalities connected with importation, exportation and transit, freedom of transit and customs cooperation;

Also calls for renewed and strengthened partnerships to support landlocked developing countries in diversifying their economic base and enhancing value addition to their exports in order to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable, inclusive and sustained economic growth;

Reiterates its invitation to development partners to provide targeted technical and financial support, as appropriate, towards the implementation of the specific actions listed in the Vienna Programme of Action;

Underlines that South-South and triangular cooperation are vital to the landlocked developing countries, especially in the areas of productive capacity-building, infrastructure, energy, science and technology, trade, investment and transit transport cooperation; and in this regard highlights the importance of the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation in addressing the needs of countries in special situations;

Recognizes that landlocked developing countries and their transit country neighbours need to effectively mobilize adequate domestic and external resources for the effective implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action, reaffirms that, for all countries, public policies and the mobilization and effective use of domestic resources, underlined by the principle of national ownership, are central to the common pursuit of sustainable development, including the implementation of the Programme of Action, and also recognizes that international public finance plays an important role in complementing those efforts, especially in the poorest and most vulnerable countries with limited domestic resources;

Underlines the prominent role that foreign direct investment plays in accelerating development and poverty reduction through employment, the transfer of managerial and technological know-how, on mutually agreed terms, and non-debt-creating flows of capital, recognizes the considerable role and potential of private sector involvement in infrastructure development for transport, telecommunications and utilities for landlocked developing countries, encourages Member States to facilitate foreign direct investment flows to landlocked developing countries in this regard, and calls upon landlocked and transit developing countries to promote an enabling environment to attract foreign direct investment and private sector involvement;

Reiterates that the fulfilment of all official development assistance commitments remains crucial, with providers of official development assistance reaffirming their respective commitments;

Recognizes the essential role of the private sector in the development of landlocked developing countries, and in this regard underlines the need to continue promoting the participation of the private sector in achieving sustainable development and the critical importance of mobilizing private resources, including through foreign direct investment, for the development of landlocked developing countries, taking into account the leading role of Member States in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development¹² and the Vienna Programme of Action;

¹²Resolution 69/313.

Invites development partners to effectively implement the Aid for Trade initiative in assisting landlocked developing countries to address their special needs and requirements, including capacity-building for the formulation of trade policies, participation in trade negotiations and the implementation of trade facilitation measures, as well as the diversification of export products;

Recognizes that landlocked developing countries are vulnerable to and remain negatively affected by the adverse impacts of climate change, land degradation, desertification, deforestation, receding glaciers, floods, including glacial lake outburst floods, and droughts, recognizes the potential benefits of mutually addressing these challenges, and calls upon the international community to continue to support the efforts of landlocked developing countries towards climate change, mitigation, adaptation, and resilience-building;

Takes note of scientific research undertaken by the International Think Tank for Landlocked Developing Countries, encourages the International Think Tank to continue to undertake its role of supporting the development efforts of the landlocked developing countries, urges those landlocked developing countries that have not yet done so to ratify, at their earliest convenience, the Multilateral Agreement for the Establishment of an International Think Tank for Landlocked Developing Countries, and invites relevant stakeholders to support the International Think Tank;

Urges that coherent and effective linkages be made between the implementation, follow-up and review arrangements for the 2030 Agenda and those of all relevant United Nations conferences and processes, including the Vienna Programme of Action;

Calls upon relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, and invites international organizations and relevant regional and subregional organizations, to integrate the Vienna Programme of Action into their programmes of work, as appropriate, within their respective mandates, and to support landlocked and transit developing countries in their implementation of the Programme of Action in a well-coordinated and coherent manner;

Stresses that, in accordance with the mandate given by the General Assembly, the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States should continue to ensure the coordinated follow-up to, effective monitoring of and reporting on the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action and the outcome of its midterm review and undertake advocacy efforts at the national, regional and global levels;

Strongly encourages Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, major groups and other donors to contribute in a timely manner to the trust fund in support of activities undertaken by the Office of the High Representative to support the implementation of, follow-up to and monitoring of the Vienna Programme of Action;

Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session a progress report on the implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-sixth session, under the item entitled “Groups of countries in special situations”, the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to the second United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries”.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What other versions does this mandate have?

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

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