Implementation of the Recommendations Contained in the Report of the Secretary-General on the Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa

A/RES/73/336View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the General Assembly, under agenda item 68b Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa, published in 2019.

What other versions does this mandate have?

17 versions · 2004–2022

This is an older version — the most recent is A/RES/76/298

Year	Symbol	Title	Word length	Text similarity
2022	A/RES/76/298	Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa	4,456	35%Compare
2020	A/RES/74/302	Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa	6,418	94%Compare
2019	A/RES/73/336	Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa	6,291	32%Compare
2018	A/RES/72/311	Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa	6,112	78%Compare
2017	A/RES/71/315	Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa	5,796	84%Compare

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

15 reports · 2004–2021

Year	Symbol	Title	Mandate resolution
2021	A/75/917 S/2021/562	Promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/74/302
2019	A/74/301	Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/72/311
2018	A/73/273	Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/71/315
2017	A/72/269	Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/71/315
2016	A/71/211	Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa report of the Secretary-General	A/RES/70/292

What subjects does this mandate have?

7 subjects

Africa Peacebuilding Peacekeeping Operations Post-Conflict Reconstruction Regional Security Sustainable Development War Prevention

What’s in this document?

57 operative paragraphs

Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations contained in his report on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa;¹⁰

¹⁰A/73/273-S/2018/566.

Recalls the adoption of the African Union Agenda 2063 and its first 10-year implementation plan (2014–2023), which outlines key African flagship projects, fast-track programmes, priority areas, specific targets and African strategies and policy measures at all levels, and acknowledges the importance of supporting the implementation of the plan;

Welcomes, in this regard, the high-level events organized during the 2019 Africa Dialogue Series on the theme “Towards durable solutions for forcibly displaced persons in Africa”, organized by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, in close partnership with the African Union Commission, the Planning and Coordination Agency of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, the African Peer Review Mechanism, regional economic communities and the United Nations system;

Also welcomes the progress made by African countries, the African Union and subregional organizations in conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, peacebuilding and development, calls for intensified efforts and a coordinated approach among national Governments, the African Union, subregional organizations, the United Nations system and relevant partners in addressing those challenges, with a view to achieving further progress towards the goal of a conflict-free Africa, and in this regard recognizes the important role played by civil society organizations, including women’s organizations;

Stresses the importance of creating an environment conducive to national reconciliation, transitional justice and social and economic recovery in countries emerging from conflict, and calls upon the United Nations system, the international community and all partners to support the efforts of African countries to promote political, social and economic inclusion;

Recognizes that international and regional efforts to prevent conflict and consolidate peace in Africa should be channelled towards the sustainable development of Africa and the human and institutional capacity-building of African countries and organizations, particularly in priority areas identified at the continental level;

Encourages African Governments to strengthen structures and policies in order to create an environment conducive to the promotion of sustainable, inclusive economic growth and to attracting foreign direct investment, and invites the international community to assist in that process by providing adequate financial and technical assistance and by renewing its commitment to efforts aimed at combating the illegal exploitation of the natural resources of those countries, in conformity with international law;

Calls upon the international community to enhance support and fulfil its commitments to take further action in areas critical to Africa’s economic and social development, in the spirit of win-win cooperation and to create a shared future, based upon our common humanity, and welcomes the efforts by development partners to strengthen cooperation with the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;¹¹

¹¹A/57/304, annex.

Recognizes the need for African countries to make continued efforts to create enabling environments for inclusive growth in support of sustainable development and for the international community to make continued efforts to increase the flow of new and additional resources for financing for development from all sources, public and private, domestic and foreign, to support those development efforts by African countries, and welcomes the various important initiatives established between African countries and their development partners in this regard;

Urges continued support for measures to address the challenges of poverty eradication and hunger, decent job creation and sustainable development in Africa, including, as appropriate, debt relief, improved market access, support for the private sector and entrepreneurship, fulfilment of commitments on official development assistance and increased flows of foreign direct investment and transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms;

Takes note, in this regard, of the high-level expert group meeting on the theme “Tackling the socioeconomic root causes of conflict towards achieving the goal of a conflict-free Africa in the context of the implementation of Africa’s transformative Agenda 2063 and the global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, held in Cairo on 16 and 17 November 2015;

Underlines the importance of the strategic partnerships among the United Nations, the African Union and the regional economic communities, including in promoting an integrated and coherent implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development5 and the African Union Agenda 2063;

Recognizes the adverse effects of climate change and natural disasters on the sustainable development of African Member States, including through drought, desertification, biodiversity loss, land degradation, flooding and food insecurity, and emphasizes the need for adequate risk assessment and risk management strategies by the respective Governments of African Member States and the United Nations;

Underlines the need to address the economic, social and environmental impact of climate change, desertification and land degradation in Africa, and highlights the importance of supporting efforts to strengthen the implementation of initiatives aimed at enhancing resilience in Africa, in particular the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme and other initiatives launched under the leadership of the African Union Commission such as the Great Green Wall and the Land Policy Initiative, as well as initiatives launched by African countries such as the Adaptation of African Agriculture and the Security, Stability and Sustainability initiatives;

Welcomes, in this regard, the endorsement by African Heads of State and Government of the Inter-Basin Water Transfer initiative, as a pan-African project to restore Lake Chad and promote its navigation and industrial and economic development, and encourages relevant United Nations entities and development partners to support such African-oriented initiatives for stabilization, recovery and climate resilience;

Recalls the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, which entered into force on 6 December 2012, and the Kampala Declaration on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, adopted on 23 October 2009;

Reaffirms the need to promote and protect effectively the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migration status, especially those of women and children, and to address international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promoting and protecting the human rights of all migrants and avoiding approaches that might aggravate their vulnerability, and recognizes in this regard the importance of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, adopted at the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants, held on 19 September 2016;¹²

¹²Resolution 71/1.

Calls for the safeguarding of the principle of refugee protection in Africa and the resolution of the plight of refugees, including through support for efforts aimed at addressing the causes of refugee movement and bringing about the voluntary, dignified, safe and sustainable return and reintegration of those populations, and calls upon the international community, including Member States, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other relevant United Nations organizations, within their respective mandates, to take concrete action to meet the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons and stateless persons and to contribute generously to projects and programmes aimed at alleviating their plight, facilitating durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons and supporting vulnerable local host communities;

Welcomes the convening of the intergovernmental conference held on 10 and 11 December 2018 in Marrakech, Morocco, and recalls that it adopted the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, also known as the Marrakech Compact on Migration;¹³

¹³Resolution 73/195, annex.

Also welcomes the adoption of its resolution 73/150 of 17 December 2018 on assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa, and further welcomes the decision of African Heads of State and Government to proclaim 2019 the African Year of Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa;

Notes the opportunities presented by Africa’s demographic structure, and stresses the importance of addressing the socioeconomic dimension of youth unemployment as well as facilitating the enhanced participation of youth in decision-making processes, with a view to addressing social, political and economic challenges, including the eradication of child labour and gender stereotypes;

Reaffirms the important and positive contribution of youth to the efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security and the role young people play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts, as well as in post-conflict situations, and encourages all those involved in planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the needs of youth affected by armed conflict, including the problem of youth unemployment on the continent, by investing in building young people’s capabilities and skills to meet labour demands through relevant education opportunities designed in a manner that promotes a culture of peace;

Expresses grave concern about the growing threat posed by terrorism, violent extremism as and when conducive to terrorism, and foreign terrorist fighters to the peace, security and social and economic development of Africa;

Recalls the initiative by the Secretary-General, and takes note of his Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism;¹⁴

¹⁴See A/70/674.

Calls upon relevant United Nations entities, within their existing mandates, to intensify cooperation, assistance and capacity-building, for African Member States, the African Union and African subregional organizations, upon their request, in the fight against terrorism and violent extremism as and when conducive to terrorism, through the implementation of relevant international and regional treaties and protocols, and in this regard welcomes in particular African initiatives, namely the African Union Plan of Action on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism in Africa, the African Centre for Studies and Research on Terrorism, based in Algiers, and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development Centre of Excellence in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism in the Horn of Africa, based in Djibouti, as well as the Community of Sahel-Saharan States Counter-Terrorism Centre, based in Cairo;

Recalls the decision on the establishment of the African Union Special Fund on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Africa, adopted in Kigali in July 2016, and encourages the United Nations system and Member States to support the efforts of the African Union in this regard;

Notes the ongoing efforts of the African Union, in collaboration with regional economic communities and development partners, including the United Nations system, to develop an action plan towards implementing the decision of the 2013 solemn declaration that the continent would “silence the guns in Africa by 2020”, and calls upon Member States and the United Nations system, as appropriate, to intensify their support and cooperation with African countries, the African Union and the African regional economic communities and relevant regional mechanisms towards the timely realization of this goal;

Takes note of the convening of a general debate on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security: silencing the guns in Africa by the Security Council, and welcomes its adoption of resolution 2457 (2019) on 27 February 2019;

Notes that in some armed conflict situations, the illicit exploitation, trafficking and trade in natural resources has contributed to the outbreak, escalation or continuation of such conflicts, and further notes resolutions adopted on this issue to support the prevention of the illegal exploitation of natural resources;

Stresses the critical importance of a regional approach to conflict prevention, in particular with respect to cross-border issues such as transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement and reintegration programmes, the prevention of illegal exploitation of natural resources and trafficking in high-value commodities and the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, and emphasizes in this regard the central role of the African Union and subregional organizations in addressing such issues;

Emphasizes that the illicit flow of arms, particularly small arms and light weapons, to rebel armed groups, terrorists and criminals contributes significantly to insecurity and violence in various parts of Africa and undermines social cohesion, public security, socioeconomic development and the normal functioning of State institutions;

Underlines the link in certain circumstances between illicit financial flows, organized crime, transnational crime, terrorism, poaching and the illicit proliferation of conventional weapons, and in this regard urges Member States to take effective measures to holistically address all root causes of conflicts and redouble efforts to effectively curb the illicit flow of conventional weapons into and within Africa, including by taking the necessary steps at the national level to implement the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects;¹⁵

¹⁵Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, 9–20 July 2001 (A/CONF.192/15), chap. IV, para. 24.

Calls upon the United Nations system, and invites Member States, to assist African countries emerging from conflict, upon their request as appropriate, in their efforts to build national capacities, including through national security sector reform strategies, transitional justice and the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, including children formerly associated with armed forces or armed groups;

Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the African Union and subregional organizations to strengthen their capacity in peacekeeping operations on the continent, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations and in close coordination with the United Nations, through the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, as well as the ongoing efforts to develop a continental early warning system, strengthen the readiness of the African Standby Force and enhance mediation capacity and preventive diplomacy, including through the Panel of the Wise;

Recognizes the growing and emerging challenges and risks facing United Nations peacekeeping operations and political missions, and in this regard takes note of the report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations¹⁶ and the report of the Secretary-General entitled “The future of United Nations peace operations: implementation of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations”,¹⁷ as well as recommendations supported by Member States in the report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations,¹⁸ in particular on prevention, mediation and stronger global regional partnerships, including between the United Nations and the African Union, and encourages the Security Council, as appropriate, to consult with relevant regional organizations, particularly the African Union, especially if transitioning from a regional to a United Nations peacekeeping operation;

¹⁶See A/70/95-S/2015/446.

¹⁷A/70/357-S/2015/682.

¹⁸Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/71/19).

Also recognizes the role of the Peacebuilding Commission in ensuring that national ownership of the peacebuilding process in countries under consideration is observed and that nationally identified priorities are at the core of international and regional efforts in peacebuilding and sustaining peace in the countries under consideration, notes the important steps taken by the Commission in engaging with a broad range of country and regional situations, and calls for sustained regional and international commitment to the implementation of nationally identified peacebuilding priorities;

Further recognizes the progress made by the Peacebuilding Commission in enhancing its relationship with regional and subregional organizations in Africa, in particular the African Union, and in this regard welcomes the signing of a memorandum of understanding on peacebuilding between the Peacebuilding Support Office and the African Union Commission on 18 September 2017 with a view to strengthening the collaboration between the United Nations and the African Union to provide a framework and strengthen cooperation in support of peacebuilding and sustaining peace efforts in Africa;

Takes note, in this regard, of decision Assembly/AU/Dec.729(XXXII) of 11 February 2019 of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union on revitalizing and operationalizing the African Union Policy on Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development, while aligning it with the evolving international discourse on peacebuilding and sustaining peace and the actual needs of countries emerging from conflict in Africa, and calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to support the peace consolidation mechanisms and processes, including the African Peace and Security Architecture, the African Governance Architecture, the African Union Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development Framework and the African Union Centre for Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development, in order to fully contribute to conflict prevention, peacemaking initiatives, peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction;

Calls upon Member States to assist African countries in post-conflict situations, at their request, in achieving a smooth transition from relief to development and to support relevant United Nations bodies, including the Peacebuilding Commission, and encourage increased efforts to support ongoing regional efforts to build African mediation and negotiation capacity;

Calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to support the African Union in its effort to effectively integrate training in international humanitarian law and international human rights law, with particular emphasis on the rights of women and children, into the training of civilian, police and military personnel of national standby contingents at both the operational and tactical levels, as set out in article 13 of the Protocol relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union;

Notes with concern that conflict-related sexual violence continues and may increase even as armed conflicts draw to an end, urges further progress in the implementation of policies and guidelines relating to the protection of and assistance to women and children in conflict and post-conflict situations in Africa, including more systematic monitoring and reporting, notes the adoption by the General Assembly and the Security Council of relevant resolutions, including Council resolution 2467 (2019), and encourages the entities that compose United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict, as well as other relevant parts of the United Nations system, to assist the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict in the implementation of her mandate, including in Africa;

Reiterates the calls for the full, effective and meaningful participation of women in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peacekeeping and peacebuilding, consistent with relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008) and 2242 (2015) on women and peace and security, and welcomes in this regard the report of the Secretary-General containing the results of the global study on the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000),¹⁹ recognizes with appreciation all the work undertaken for the global study, and encourages follow-up of its recommendations;

¹⁹S/2015/716.

Recalls the ongoing efforts of African countries and the African Union, including the work of the African Union Special Envoy on Women, Peace and Security, to ensure the protection of the rights of women in conflict and post-conflict situations, recalls in this regard the adoption of national action plans on women, peace and security by several African countries, the various initiatives of the African Union, the adoption and entry into force of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa, the African Union Gender Policy, the African Union five-year Gender, Peace and Security Programme, 2015–2020, and the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Gender and Development, as well as the Framework of Cooperation concerning the Prevention and Response to Conflict-related Sexual Violence in Africa signed by the African Union Commission and the United Nations, stresses the significance of those instruments for all countries in Africa for strengthening the role of women in peace and conflict prevention on the continent, and strongly urges the United Nations and all relevant parties to redouble their efforts and provide support in this regard;

Notes with concern the tragic plight of children in conflict situations in Africa, in particular the phenomenon of the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflicts, sexual exploitation and abuse, as well as other violations and abuses committed against children, and in this regard takes note of efforts aimed at promoting education and the right to education and facilitating the continuation of education in situations of armed conflict and protracted crises, stresses the need for the protection of children in armed conflicts and for ensuring that the protection and rights of children in armed conflicts are integrated into all peace processes, also stresses the need for post-conflict, reintegration, rehabilitation and education, with due regard for the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and encourages the relevant parts of the United Nations system to assist the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict in the implementation of her mandate, including in Africa;

Welcomes, in this regard, the ongoing efforts of the African Union to ensure the protection of children in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, recalls the adoption and entry into force of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as the declaration signed on 17 September 2013 by the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict and the Peace and Security Department of the African Union Commission, in order to mainstream protection mechanisms in all peace and security activities of the African Union, in close partnership with the United Nations Children’s Fund, and stresses the significance of those instruments for all countries in Africa in protecting children affected by armed conflicts on the continent;

Acknowledges the particular challenges that infectious disease outbreaks, including the Ebola virus disease, pose in conflict-affected areas and their effect on health crisis management, as health systems in areas of conflict are often compromised and ill-equipped to deal with the threat posed by infectious disease outbreaks, and strongly condemns violent attacks and threats directed against medical personnel and facilities, which have long-term consequences for the civilian population and the health-care systems of the countries concerned, as well as for the neighbouring regions, and have a negative impact on sustainable development;

Welcomes African-led initiatives to strengthen political, economic and corporate governance, such as the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance and the African Peer Review Mechanism, encourages more African countries to participate in this process, and calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to assist African countries and regional and subregional organizations, upon their request, in their ongoing efforts to promote democracy, constitutional order and the rule of law, to enhance good governance and to continue to fight against impunity, as well as in the holding of free, fair, inclusive, peaceful and transparent elections;

Recognizes, in this regard, the important contribution of the African Peer Review Mechanism since its inception in improving governance and supporting socioeconomic development in African countries, and takes note of the decision adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union in January 2017 on the revitalization of the African Peer Review Mechanism, expanding the monitoring and evaluation mandate of the Mechanism, and invites the United Nations system and Member States to provide voluntary substantial financial and capacity-building support to the Mechanism to advance its activities;

Reaffirms the importance of the role of the Interdepartmental Task Force on African Affairs and the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa in ensuring greater coherence and coordination of United Nations system support to Africa, including support to the African Union, particularly in the areas of conflict prevention and conflict resolution, human rights, governance and the rule of law, and post-conflict reconstruction and development;

Recalls the commitment of the African leaders to Africa’s political, social and economic integration agenda and to the ideal of pan-Africanism and African renaissance, as well as their effort to achieve the goal of a conflict-free Africa by 2020, as affirmed in the solemn declaration adopted on 26 May 2013 on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Organization of African Unity/African Union, expresses its readiness to contribute, and calls upon all, in particular relevant United Nations entities, to help to achieve this goal;

Welcomes the adoption of its resolution 71/254 of 23 December 2016 on the Framework for a Renewed United Nations-African Union Partnership on Africa’s Integration and Development Agenda 2017–2027, and calls upon the Secretary-General to provide, as appropriate, predictable support for full, effective and efficient implementation of the Framework;

Recalls relevant resolutions on the strengthening of cooperation and communication between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations or arrangements, and encourages enhanced coordination and cooperation in advocacy and in the mobilization of the support of the international community for African countries and towards the priorities of their continental and regional institutions;

Calls upon the United Nations system and Member States, bilateral and multilateral partners and new partners to deliver expeditiously on commitments and to ensure the full and speedy implementation of the provisions of the political declaration on Africa’s development needs,7 as well as the implementation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;

Emphasizes the importance of deepening cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union, based on consultations, regular meetings at all levels, shared analysis, comparative advantages and division of labour to better address today’s challenges, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations;

Welcomes the convening of the third United Nations-African Union annual conference at the level of the Secretary-General and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission at United Nations Headquarters on 6 May 2019, and reaffirms the commitment to continue to deepen the strategic partnership between the United Nations and the African Union in addressing peace and security issues, achieving sustainable development and implementing Agenda 2063 in Africa;

Takes note of the recommendations presented by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on possible ways to strengthen the interdepartmental task force on African affairs,²⁰ and reaffirms the need to ensure further coherence and an integrated approach for United Nations support to Africa, including in following up on the implementation of all global summit and conference outcomes related to Africa;

²⁰See A/67/205/Add.1-S/2012/715/Add.1.

Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor and report to the General Assembly on an annual basis on persistent and emerging challenges to the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa, including the root causes of conflict and conditions to promote sustainable development, as well as on the approach and support of the United Nations system.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

What other versions does this mandate have?

Which reports were submitted under this mandate?

What subjects does this mandate have?

What’s in this document?

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