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Africa."]},"sourceUrl":"https://documents.un.org/api/symbol/access?s=A%2FRES%2F44%2F113&l=en&t=pdf","pageUrl":"https://mandates.un.org/mandate/A/RES/44/113?ppb_version=ppb2027","canonicalUrl":"https://mandates.un.org/mandate/A/RES/44/113","jsonUrl":"https://mandates.un.org/mandate/A/RES/44/113.json?ppb_version=ppb2027","budgetVersion":"ppb2027","matchingCitationCount":0,"matchingEntityCount":0,"matchingEntities":[],"matchingFoundationalEntities":[],"matchingProgrammes":[],"matchingBudgetLocations":[],"series":{"is_collection":true,"has_newer":true,"is_latest":false,"series_count":31,"latest_version":null},"group":null,"details":{"status":"included","citations":[],"budgetLocations":[],"foundationalEntities":[],"budgetLocationExpenditures":[],"entityCitationTotals":{},"entityExpenditures":{},"paragraphs":{"status":"available","language":"en","items":[{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"6e38601d-0b81-5635-9db8-2b1e072a43f0","position":0,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Implementation of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa A","type":"title","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":"44/113.","links":[],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"35dab518-8964-53cd-b489-e66fc288f24d","position":1,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"The General Assembly,","type":"opening","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":0,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"aa10ea2e-1849-50b7-a5f3-3c406ed4e000","position":2,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Bearing in mind the Declaration on the Denucleariza­ tion of Africa32 adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its first ordinary session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 1964,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Bearing in mind* the Declaration on the Denucleariza­ tion of Africa32 adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its first ordinary session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 1964,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Bearing in mind","action_verb_normalized":"bear in mind","action_verb_type":"observing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"53f7f46f-0f73-58ac-81af-359a3f158cce","position":3,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Recalling its resolution 1652 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, its earliest on the subject, as well as its resolutions 2033 (XX) of 3 December 1965, 31/69 of 10 December 1976, 32/81 of 12 December 1977, 33/63 of 14 December 1978, 34/76 A of 11 December 1979, 35/146 B of 12 December 1980, 36/86 B of 9 December 1981, 37/74 A of 9 December 1982, 38/181 A of 20 December 1983, 39/61 A of 12 December 1984, 40/89 A of 12 December 1985, 41/55 A of 3 December 1986, 42/34 A of 30 November 1987 and 43/71 A of 7 December 1988, in which it called upon all States to consider and respect the continent of Africa and its surrounding areas as a nuclear­ weapon-free zone,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Recalling* its resolution 1652 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, its earliest on the subject, as well as its resolutions 2033 (XX) of 3 December 1965, 31/69 of 10 December 1976, 32/81 of 12 December 1977, 33/63 of 14 December 1978, 34/76 A of 11 December 1979, 35/146 B of 12 December 1980, 36/86 B of 9 December 1981, 37/74 A of 9 December 1982, 38/181 A of 20 December 1983, 39/61 A of 12 December 1984, 40/89 A of 12 December 1985, 41/55 A of 3 December 1986, 42/34 A of 30 November 1987 and 43/71 A of 7 December 1988, in which it called upon all States to consider and respect the continent of Africa and its surrounding areas as a nuclear­ weapon-free zone,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Recalling","action_verb_normalized":"recall","action_verb_type":"reinforcing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ca53131f-9693-5b6f-9bca-d5cbefb3b3a9","position":4,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Recalling that in its resolution 33/63 it vigorously con­ demned any overt or covert attempt by South Africa to in­ troduce nuclear weapons into the continent of Africa and demanded that South Africa refrain forthwith from con­ ducting any nuclear explosion in the continent or else­ where,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Recalling* that in its resolution 33/63 it vigorously con­ demned any overt or covert attempt by South Africa to in­ troduce nuclear weapons into the continent of Africa and demanded that South Africa refrain forthwith from con­ ducting any nuclear explosion in the continent or else­ where,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Recalling","action_verb_normalized":"recall","action_verb_type":"reinforcing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ac5eda93-64d7-5d5d-af19-7fff43bac200","position":5,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Bearing in mind the provisions of resolution CM/ Res.1101(XLVI)/Rev. l 33 on the denuclearization of Africa adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organi­ zation of African Unity at its forty-sixth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 20 to 25 July 1987,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Bearing in mind* the provisions of resolution CM/ Res.1101(XLVI)/Rev. l 33 on the denuclearization of Africa adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organi­ zation of African Unity at its forty-sixth ordinary session, held at Addis Ababa from 20 to 25 July 1987,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Bearing in mind","action_verb_normalized":"bear in mind","action_verb_type":"observing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"5bafd7ff-d1d0-5f9a-8529-7eeeefad7efc","position":6,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Having taken note of the report of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research entitled \"South Africa's nuclear capability\",34 undertaken in co-operation with the Department for Disarmament Affairs of the Sec­ retariat and in consultation with the Organization of Afri­ can Unity, as well as of the report of the Disarmament Commission, 3s","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"8a634f81-be49-58ee-a321-9bc8bd7de8ed","position":7,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Noting the acttons taken by those Governments which have taken measures to restrict co-operation with South Africa in nuclear and other fields,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Noting* the acttons taken by those Governments which have taken measures to restrict co-operation with South Africa in nuclear and other fields,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Noting","action_verb_normalized":"note","action_verb_type":"observing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"d4a3d369-9fed-57ed-a945-c99854f20805","position":8,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Expressing regret that, despite the threat that South Africa's nuclear capability constitutes to international peace and security and, in particular, to the realization of the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, the Disarmament Commission, although it con­ sidered the question during its substantive session in 1989, failed once again to reach a consensus on this important item on its agenda,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Expressing* regret that, despite the threat that South Africa's nuclear capability constitutes to international peace and security and, in particular, to the realization of the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, the Disarmament Commission, although it con­ sidered the question during its substantive session in 1989, failed once again to reach a consensus on this important item on its agenda,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Expressing","action_verb_normalized":"express concern","action_verb_type":"evaluative","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"cf52168d-1611-507d-9094-429995598fc3","position":9,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Strongly renews its call upon all States to consider and respect the continent of Africa and its surrounding areas as a nuclear-weapon-free zone;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"1.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"Strongly *renews* its call upon all States to consider and respect the continent of Africa and its surrounding areas as a nuclear-weapon-free zone;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"renews","action_verb_normalized":"renew","action_verb_type":"deciding","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"11f95b44-ddf2-5e1d-9749-aac3af372ea4","position":10,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Reaffirms that the implementation of the Declara­ tion on the Denuclearization of Africa adopted by the As­ sembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organi­ zation of African Unity would be an important measure to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to pro­ mote international peace and security;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"2.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Reaffirms* that the implementation of the Declara­ tion on the Denuclearization of Africa adopted by the As­ sembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organi­ zation of African Unity would be an important measure to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to pro­ mote international peace and security;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Reaffirms","action_verb_normalized":"reaffirm","action_verb_type":"reinforcing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"93d461f4-6cc3-5fbd-bdf8-889912fcd300","position":11,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Expresses once again its grave alarm at South 3. Africa's possession and continued development of nu­ clear-weapon capability;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Expresses* once again its grave alarm at South 3. Africa's possession and continued development of nu­ clear-weapon capability;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Expresses","action_verb_normalized":"express","action_verb_type":"evaluative","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"d9e69db8-40cb-5d00-af33-ddb2f47f649a","position":12,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Condemns South Africa's continued pursuit of a nu­ clear capability and all forms of nuclear collaboration by any State, corporation, institution or individual with the racist regime that enable it to frustrate the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, which seeks to keep Africa free from nuclear weapons;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"4.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Condemns* South Africa's continued pursuit of a nu­ clear capability and all forms of nuclear collaboration by any State, corporation, institution or individual with the racist regime that enable it to frustrate the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa, which seeks to keep Africa free from nuclear weapons;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Condemns","action_verb_normalized":"condemn","action_verb_type":"evaluative","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ae3662b6-e0b5-5ace-be9b-7f4698c72ec4","position":13,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Calls upon all States, corporations, institutions and individuals to desist from further collaboration with the racist regime that may enable it to frustrate the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"5.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Calls upon* <<all States, corporations, institutions and individuals>> to desist from further collaboration with the racist regime that may enable it to frustrate the objective of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Calls upon","action_verb_normalized":"call upon","action_verb_type":"directive","assignees":[{"assignee":"all States, corporations, institutions and individuals","assignee_normalized":"States","assignee_type":"member_states"}],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ad48c9ed-9d70-5dbd-9767-ad3b40d42b7a","position":14,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Demands once again that the racist regime of South Africa refrain from manufacturing, testing, deploying, transporting, storing, using or threatening to use nuclear weapons,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"6.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Demands* <<once again that the racist regime of South Africa refrain from manufacturing, testing, deploying, transporting, storing, using or threatening>> to use nuclear weapons,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Demands","action_verb_normalized":"demand","action_verb_type":"directive","assignees":[{"assignee":"once again that the racist regime of South Africa refrain from manufacturing, testing, deploying, transporting, storing, using or threatening","assignee_normalized":"once again that the racist regime of South Africa refrain from manufacturing","assignee_type":"unclear"}],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"181835ac-11e0-5cdf-b335-0e7d778b3d47","position":15,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Appeals to all States that have the means to do so to monitor South Africa's research on and development and production of nuclear weapons and to publicize any infor­ mation in that regard;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"7.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Appeals* to all States that have the means to do so to monitor South Africa's research on and development and production of nuclear weapons and to publicize any infor­ mation in that regard;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Appeals","action_verb_normalized":"appeal","action_verb_type":"directive","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ca32c4fb-bf8b-51cd-93ec-6f00067c87cc","position":16,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Demands once again that South Africa submit forthwith all its nuclear installations and facilities to in­ spection by the International Atomic Energy Agency;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"8.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Demands* <<once again that South Africa submit forthwith all its nuclear installations and facilities>> to in­ spection by the International Atomic Energy Agency;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Demands","action_verb_normalized":"demand","action_verb_type":"directive","assignees":[{"assignee":"once again that South Africa submit forthwith all its nuclear installations and facilities","assignee_normalized":"once again that South Africa submit forthwith all its nuclear installations and facilities","assignee_type":"unclear"}],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"dc4b1c6b-be93-5dc9-8d82-c29a9275d5b1","position":17,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Requests the Secretary-General to provide all neces­ sary assistance that the Organization of African Unity may seek regarding the modalities and elements for the preparation and implementation of the relevant conven­ tion or treaty on the denuclearization of Africa;","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"9.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Requests* <<the Secretary-General>> to provide all neces­ sary assistance that the Organization of African Unity may seek regarding the modalities and elements for the preparation and implementation of the relevant conven­ tion or treaty on the denuclearization of Africa;","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Requests","action_verb_normalized":"request","action_verb_type":"directive","assignees":[{"assignee":"the Secretary-General","assignee_normalized":"Secretary-General","assignee_type":"secretary-general"}],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"0c7e727c-dbac-56a0-8ac3-1f466539597c","position":18,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-fifth session the item entitled \"Implementation of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa\".","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"operative","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":"10.","links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Decides* to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-fifth session the item entitled \"Implementation of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa\".","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Decides","action_verb_normalized":"decide","action_verb_type":"deciding","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"109156c8-eeb8-579e-bb72-2deb3335258d","position":19,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"8/stplenary meeting 15-December I 989","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":1,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"21fd2233-e23e-5842-acf0-382e81e88374","position":20,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"B","type":"heading","heading_level":1,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"subtype":"subres","parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"ecc9daf3-7409-57eb-b17f-056284c26829","position":21,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"The General Assembly,","type":"opening","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":0,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"1af4e4b1-3383-54af-8f6c-8f662328bbe2","position":22,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on South Africa's nuclear capability,36","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Having considered* the report of the Secretary-General on South Africa's nuclear capability,36","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Having considered","action_verb_normalized":"consider","action_verb_type":"observing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"4285702d-e15e-5657-8952-e3a15063a49f","position":23,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Recalling its resolutions 34/76 B of 11 December 1979, 35/146 A of 12 December 1980, 36/86 A of 9 December 1981, 37/74 B of 9 December 1982, 38/181 B of 20 December 1983, 39/61 B of 12 December 1984, 40/89 B of 12 December 1985, 41/55 B of 3 December 1986, 42/34 B of 30 November 1987 and 43/71 B of 7 December 1988,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Recalling* its resolutions 34/76 B of 11 December 1979, 35/146 A of 12 December 1980, 36/86 A of 9 December 1981, 37/74 B of 9 December 1982, 38/181 B of 20 December 1983, 39/61 B of 12 December 1984, 40/89 B of 12 December 1985, 41/55 B of 3 December 1986, 42/34 B of 30 November 1987 and 43/71 B of 7 December 1988,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Recalling","action_verb_normalized":"recall","action_verb_type":"reinforcing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"fd3cd9b4-5f32-5f2d-81ad-36e559b16687","position":24,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Bearing in mind the Declaration on the Denucleariza­ tion of Africa32 adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its first ordinary session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 1964,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Bearing in mind* the Declaration on the Denucleariza­ tion of Africa32 adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its first ordinary session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 1964,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Bearing in mind","action_verb_normalized":"bear in mind","action_verb_type":"observing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"f501d04c-b8fd-509a-91b6-80edc0aba050","position":25,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Recalling that, in paragraph 12 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 17 it noted that the massive accumulation of armaments and the acquisition of armaments technology by racist regimes, as well as their possible acquisition of nuclear weapons, present a challenging and increasingly danger­ ous obstacle to a world community faced with the urgent need to disarm,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Recalling* that, in paragraph 12 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 17 it noted that the massive accumulation of armaments and the acquisition of armaments technology by racist regimes, as well as their possible acquisition of nuclear weapons, present a challenging and increasingly danger­ ous obstacle to a world community faced with the urgent need to disarm,","mandates":[{"action_verb":"Recalling","action_verb_normalized":"recall","action_verb_type":"reinforcing","assignees":[],"mentioned_entities":[],"deliverables":[]}],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"4fa11729-7caf-5744-9af6-2c901a9ab991","position":26,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Recalling also that, in its resolution 33/63 of 14 Decem­ ber 1978, it vigorously condemned any overt or covert at­ tempt by South Africa to introduce nuclear weapons into the continent of Africa and demanded that South Africa refrain forthwith from conducting any nuclear explosion in the continent or elsewhere,","type":"paragraph","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":"preambular","paragraph_level":1,"prefix":null,"links":[],"textWithHighlights":"*Recalling* also that, in its resolution 33/63 of 14 Decem­ ber 1978, it vigorously condemned any overt or covert at­ tempt by South Africa to introduce nuclear weapons into the continent of Africa and demanded that South Africa refrain forthwith from conducting any nuclear explosion in the continent or 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Such agreements should cont rib Ilk to genuine reductions of armed forces and armaments of State, parties, with the aim ,if strengthening international peace and security at lower levels of armed forces and armaments. Definite agreements 011 th, freezing and reduction of military expenditures are assuming special im portance and should he reached within the shortest period of time 111 01 der to contribute to the curbing of the arms race, alleviate internatwnal tensions and increase the possibilities ofreallo,·ation of resources now br mg used fot 1nilita1) purposes to economic and social development. pai 11,·ularly for the benefit of the developing countries.","type":"footnote","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"64ab2f01-8e28-5d4b-9327-f407474d56a8","position":43,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"2 All efforts in t he field of the freezing and reduction of military n penditurcs ,hould take into account the principles and purposes of th, Charter of t he United Nations and the relevant paragraphs of the Fmal Document , ,f the Tc11th Special Session of the General Asscmhly. 1 7 J.","type":"footnote","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"54d81d30-b201-54b5-9aa6-942564c52d9f","position":44,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"Pending the u >nclusion of agreements to freeze and reduce mih tary expenditures, all States, in particular the most heavily armed State, ,hould cxc1 cise self., cstramt in their military expc11d1ttms 4.","type":"footnote","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"fc8f393a-ae4b-5609-93e9-2238c65fb18b","position":45,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"The reductio11 of military expenditures nn a mutually agreed basi,, ,hould be implemented gradually and in a balanced manner, either 011 \" percentage or on an absolute basis, so as to ensure that no individual State or group of States may obtain advantages over others at any stagr. a11d without prejudice to the right of all States to undiminished securit , a11d sovereignty and t,, undertake the necessary measure, of scllǩdeti.·nc,· REDllCTION OF MILITARY BUDGETS 5.","type":"footnote","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"af5c32ed-513e-5480-a49e-05ab930b97ad","position":46,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"While the free,ing and reduction of military budget, is the respon ,1hility of all States, to be implemented in stages in accordance with the prmciple ol greatest responsibility, the process should begin with t hos,· nuclear-weapon States with the largest military arsenals and the biggesi military expenditures, to be followed immediately by ()thcr nuclear weapon States and militarily significant States. This should not prt'vent nt her State, frnm in11iat111g negotiations and reaching agreements 011 the halanced reduction ,f their respective militan budgct, at anǪ tmw du, 1t1g tlns pn,t'C'-iǫ","type":"footnote","heading_level":null,"paragraph_type":null,"paragraph_level":null,"prefix":null,"links":[],"section":"main","text_index":2,"parser_version":"sem-v5","source":"digitallibrary"},{"extraction_quality_warning":false,"id":"f36ae083-6b21-5d0a-a20d-ffa09ae134b9","position":47,"note_ids":[],"note_references":[],"text":"JQ See Official Re, ord.1 of the General Assemblv. 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