Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children Strengthening Human Rights Through Enhanced Protection, Support and Empowerment of Victims of Trafficking, Especially Women and Children

A/HRC/RES/44/4View PDF

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

A Resolution of the Human Rights Council, under agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, published in 2020.

What subjects does this mandate have?

7 subjects

Anti-Discrimination Measures Crime Prevention Human Rights Labour Exploitation Legal Remedies Special Rapporteurs Trafficking in Persons

What’s in this document?

40 operative paragraphs

Urges States to respect, protect and promote the human rights of victims of trafficking through enhanced protection and empowerment of and support and assistance for victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, by:

Providing protection and effective and adequate gender-responsive and multi-disciplinary assistance to victims of trafficking and considering also their direct dependants, on the basis of the specific needs of those persons, including child-appropriate measures, which must not be made conditional on their cooperation with law enforcement authorities;

Considering enhancing early identification of potential victims of trafficking upon the identification of vulnerabilities, for example by establishing procedures in places of first arrival of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers for the identification of indicators of migrants’ vulnerability, including to trafficking and exploitation, and providing early support and assistance also to persons at risk of being trafficked;

Fully recognizing victims’ rights and implementing the non-punishment principle, in accordance with respective national legal systems, by taking all appropriate measures, including through policies and legislation, to ensure that victims of trafficking are protected from prosecution or punishment for acts that they have been compelled to commit as a direct consequence of having been trafficked, and that victims do not suffer from revictimization as a result of actions taken by government authorities;

Considering developing, in cooperation with civil society, businesses and relevant stakeholders, long-term inclusion strategies based on innovative skill-acquisition schemes to empower victims of trafficking and facilitate their access to the labour market, in line with domestic legal frameworks;

Combating racism, xenophobia and all forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin, which increases the vulnerability of persons affected by trafficking;

Promoting gender-responsive measures to combat and eliminate all forms of trafficking in women and children, including for sexual and economic exploitation, and taking into account the specific needs of women and girls and their participation in and contribution to all phases of preventing and responding to trafficking, especially in addressing sexual exploitation;

Adopting appropriate measures to address, especially in the field of education and awareness-raising, discriminatory approaches and social norms that increase women’s and girls’ vulnerabilities to trafficking, including by addressing sexual and domestic violence and other forms of violence, and discrimination in access to resources, education and job opportunities;

Promoting greater synergy between anti-trafficking efforts and those made under the women, peace and security agenda, especially by addressing the issue of trafficking in persons and its link with conflict-related sexual violence, and by stressing the key role of women’s agency and participation;

Taking into consideration the fact that the risk of trafficking is heightened in humanitarian crisis situations, including in armed conflict, and in post-conflict environments, natural disasters and other emergency environments, and calling upon States and the United Nations to take measures to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers;

Addressing the specific needs and vulnerability to trafficking of children by considering the best interests of the child in all measures and decisions affecting children and by promoting education and preventing and combating child labour and trafficking in children;

Fully recognizing that, while technology is frequently misused to facilitate trafficking in persons, its use can also help to fight trafficking and in providing services to victims, particularly relevant in the COVID-19 context as the pandemic has increased the use of digital technologies;

Ensuring victims’ right to privacy;

Further developing ways to protect victims of trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and to address their vulnerability, including by providing medical and psychosocial care and services to victims and by adopting the measures necessary to protect the rights and interests of victims in all phases of criminal prosecution and judicial proceedings, and to ensure accountability;

Addressing the root causes of forced displacement, including human rights violations and discriminatory practices, and thus reducing vulnerability to trafficking in persons;

Urges States to prevent and to fight trafficking in persons, especially women and children, for the purpose of all forms of exploitation, and to address labour exploitation, including by:

Promoting consistent, whole-of-society action involving civil society, the private sector, trade unions and other relevant stakeholders in the field of economic and social development, as well as the labour market;

Considering obligations for companies to ensure that they practice ethical recruitment and identify, analyse and prevent or mitigate the risks of trafficking resulting from business activities and from the activities of subcontractors and suppliers, and to incentivize human rights due diligence;

Considering adopting procedures or models regarding good practices in transparency in supply chains with a view to disrupt and dismantle criminal business models;

Taking concrete measures to fully understand, comprehensively address and fight against all types of trafficking;

Calls upon States to further prevent and to fight trafficking in persons, to address the root causes of trafficking and to promote the social inclusion of victims of trafficking by ensuring their right to an effective remedy, by, inter alia:

Ensuring access to effective remedies, including in the context of business activities and supply chains, and coordination between operational grievance mechanisms and State-based grievance and assistance mechanisms and remedies;

Promoting and making available adequate, effective and appropriate remedies, including reparation, for victims of trafficking, as provided for under international law;

Promoting the protection of victims and witnesses of trafficking in persons and the establishment of mechanisms to facilitate, where appropriate, the participation of victims in judicial proceedings;

Ensuring for victims and their family members access to justice and safe reporting, and providing trafficked persons with appropriate, relevant and understandable information on their rights, including the right to a remedy, the mechanisms and procedures available to exercise these rights, and on how and where to obtain legal and other necessary assistance;

Also calls upon States to intensify their efforts to address, with a view to eliminating, the demand that fosters trafficking in women and children for all forms of exploitation, and in this regard to take or to enhance preventive measures, including legislative and punitive measures, to deter exploiters of trafficked persons, and to ensure their accountability;

Further calls upon States to adopt measures aimed to prevent trafficking in persons and to protect victims of trafficking, especially women and children, in their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view to ensuring, inter alia, access to health care and services, adequate water and sanitation services, adequate and safe accommodation and access to information, and to ensuring the continuity and extension of existing support programmes for victims of trafficking;

Strongly encourages States to refer to the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking as a useful tool in integrating a human rights-based approach into their responses to fight trafficking in persons;

Urges States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to, as a matter of priority, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air in order to encourage Governments to adopt an integrated strategy to better address the complex and very often interrelated components of these modalities of organized crime, namely trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling, taking into consideration the central role of those instruments in the fight against trafficking in persons, and urges States parties to those instruments to implement them fully and effectively;

Urges States, the United Nations and other international, regional and subregional organizations, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, the private sector and the media, to implement fully and effectively the relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons and to carry out the activities outlined therein;

Encourages States to enhance bilateral, multilateral and/or regional forms of cooperation between States of origin, transit and reception that are effective in preventing and fighting trafficking in persons, and to devise regional communication strategies against trafficking in persons by building on existing cooperation mechanisms through which information and good practices in matters of prevention are shared;

Also encourages States to carry out information and awareness-raising campaigns to alert potential victims, both national and foreign, to the risks of falling into the hands of human trafficking criminal organizations and to inform potential or actual victims of trafficking of existing support programmes;

Invites States and other interested parties to make further voluntary contributions to the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery and the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children;

Welcomes the work of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the promotion of the global fight against trafficking in persons;

Takes note with appreciation of the thematic reports of the Special Rapporteur;

Decides to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, for a period of three years;

Urges all Governments to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur and to respond favourably to her requests to visit their countries, to provide her with all necessary information related to the mandate and to react promptly to her communications and urgent appeals in order to enable her to fulfil the mandate effectively;

Underlines the importance that the Special Rapporteur continue to participate in relevant international and regional forums and events, including on migration, with a view to combating trafficking and to upholding the human rights of victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children;

Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to ensure that the Special Rapporteur receives the resources necessary to enable the mandate holder to discharge the mandate fully;

Decides to continue its consideration of the issue of trafficking in persons, especially women and children.

Who adopted this document and its mandates?

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